Aims To explore the status quo and the influencing factors of residents’ knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), and the difficulties or challenges perceived by residents in their preventive practice. Design An online questionnaire survey. Methods The self‐designed questionnaire was distributed among residents online in February 2020. Descriptive statistics, two independent samples t ‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, multivariate linear regression and content analysis were performed. Results A total of 919 valid questionnaires were collected. The scoring rates of residents’ KAP were 85.2%, 92.9% and 84.4% respectively. Main factors influencing residents’ knowledge included gender and occupation; while those influencing attitude were occupation, family economic level and knowledge; and those influencing practice included place of residence, occupation, with or without chronic disease, knowledge and attitude. Mass media was the primary approach for people to learn the knowledge and information of COVID‐19. Difficulties or challenges faced were mainly lack of protective equipments, concerns about the risk of prevention and control, impact on daily life, work and study, lack of knowledge and consensus, psychological problems and information problems. Conclusion The attitude of residents towards COVID‐19 prevention and control is generally positive. The knowledge and practice have been popularized to a certain extent, but there are still deviations or deficiencies in residents’ understanding of certain important knowledge and the adoption of relevant preventive measures. Evidence‐based tailored public education initiatives are indicated. Impact Findings of this study add important knowledge about residents’ understanding, attitude, practice and the influencing factors on COVID‐19 prevention and control, which serves as a scientific foundation for optimizing the pandemic public education and decision‐making.

. The outbreak of COVID-19 quickly spread to 184 countries and regions around the world. It has drawn great attention from the WHO and was declared an international public health emergency on January 31, 2020. Because the population is generally susceptible to the virus, there are no effective drugs and vaccines, and active participation of the entire population in self-protection and self-isolation has become the key to cutting off transmission routes and effectively controlling the epidemic. A self-designed questionnaire to assess residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to COVID-19 prevention and control used the Questionnaire Star service platform, and snowball sampling was used to invite rural residents to complete the questionnaire on WeChat. A total of 554 valid questionnaires were collected. Rural residents’ average scores on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding prevention and control were 40 ± 7 (total of 50 points), 45 ± 3 (total of 52 points), and 92 ± 12 (total of 127 points), respectively. A lack of protective materials and weak awareness of prevention and control are the greatest difficulties and challenges experienced by rural residents during the epidemic. Accordingly, social support services, such as public transportation plans, supply chains for living materials, and orderly returns to work, need to be strengthened. Moreover, new infectious disease control is not only a task for individuals but also a global issue. It is of great significance to guarantee information transparency and enhance health risk communication.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and blood glucose and lipid levels in people over 18 years of age in Gansu, China. Subjects and Methods: A total of 1928 volunteers (958 males and 970 females) were selected. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the vitamin D deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) and the non-vitamin D deficiency group (≥20 ng/mL) were compared. The correlations between serum 25(OH)D and blood glucose and lipid were analyzed. Results: A total of 1681 patients had 25(OH)D deficiency, with an overall prevalence of 87.2% (82.9% in males and 91.4% in females). The levels of 25(OH)D in the diabetic group and the IGT/IFG group were significantly lower than that in the normal group. The level of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the dyslipidemia group than that in the normal group, and was significantly lower in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol/L group than that in the FPG <5.6 mmol/L group (p=0.002). The 25(OH)D level in the serum triglyceride (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/L group was significantly lower than that of the TG <1.7 mmol/L group (p=0.0274). The age, heart rate, TG, TC, FPG and H 2 PG levels in the vitamin D deficiency group were significantly higher than those in the non-vitamin D deficiency group (p<0.05). The prevalence of FPG ≥5.6 mmol/L in the vitamin D deficiency group was higher than that in the non-vitamin D deficiency group (23.5% vs 16.6%, p=0.016). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum 25(OH)D levels were independently correlated with gender, age, FPG, TG and heart rate (β=−0.218, −0.129, −0.075, β=−0.103, −0.058, all p<0.05). Conclusion: The incidences of dyslipidemia and dysglycemia were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group. The vitamin D level was independently and negatively correlated with FPG and TC, but not with waist circumference, BMI and blood pressure.

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan quickly spread to 34 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the country and 184 countries and regions around the world. It has drawn great attention from the International Health Organization and was declared an international public health emergency on January 31, 2020. Because the population is generally susceptible to the virus, there are no effective drugs and vaccines, and active participation of the entire population in self-protection and self-isolation has become the key to cutting off transmission routes and effectively controlling the epidemic. China has vast land and a vast area with a large population. Although the agricultural population has decreased this year with the acceleration of urbanization, according to national demographics, 40% of China's rural population is still living in remote areas. This population is relatively lacking in material and economic conditions and has limited access to medical services and education. Influencing factors such as traditional health habits and consciousness should not be underestimated in rural areas. In addition, the COVID-19 outbreak coincided with the Chinese New Year, and people’s return and post-holiday resumption of work greatly increased the chance of transmission of the virus. Rural residents accounted for 60% of the people returning to the Spring Festival. They are the most mobile and susceptible group and are at high risk of viral transmission. The knowledge, consciousness, attitude and behavior of rural residents with regard to COVID-19 control are related to the success or failure of epidemic prevention and control. To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to the prevention and control of COVID-19 among rural residents, to analyze the influencing factors, difficulties and challenges of prevention and control in this population, and to develop a plan to improve rural residents' awareness of COVID-19 prevention and control. Targeted interventions for prevention and control capabilities provide scientific evidence.Methods: A self-designed questionnaire to assess residents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to COVID-19 prevention and control was borrowed from the Questionnaire Star service platform, and snowball sampling was used to invite rural residents to complete the questionnaire on WeChat. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 statistical software.Results: A total of 554 valid questionnaires were collected. Rural residents’ average score of knowledge about the prevention and control of new coronary pneumonia was 39.75 ± 6.703, the average score of prevention and control attitude was 45.40 ± 3.341, and the average score of prevention and control behavior was 104.69 ± 12.167. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that male residents’ scores for knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to SARS were significantly higher than those of women who had not experienced SARS (P <0.01); the scores of attitudes and behaviors of rural residents aged 30 and under were significantly higher than those of other age groups (P <0.01) 0.01); residents with an education level of junior high school or below and those who worked as farmers had significantly lower scores in knowledge, attitude, and behavior than those with other education levels (P <0.05); the knowledge and behavior scores of respondents with poor family economic conditions were significantly lower than those with good and moderate family economic conditions (P <0.05); and residents with chronic diseases and those living in areas with confirmed cases had significantly higher knowledge and behavior scores than those without chronic diseases and no or unknown living cases (P <0.05). Rural residents’ scores for knowledge and attitudes, attitudes and behaviors, and knowledge and behavior were positively correlated with new coronary pneumonia control (P <0.05). The difficulties and challenges they perceived during the epidemic were a lack of protective equipment and travel difficulties (lack of transportation) and weak awareness of prevention and control.Conclusions: Rural residents have a good grasp of COVID-19 and a positive attitude toward the need for prevention and control by individuals, communities, and the government during the epidemic. They use common chopsticks or split meals and take Chinese herbal medicines that nourish yin, invigorate the spleen, and nourish the lungs. Protective measures such as cleaning furniture with alcohol or chlorine disinfectant, returning home, and handwashing with soap before and after meals and after contact with pollutants need to be further strengthened. A lack of protective materials and weak awareness of prevention and control are the greatest difficulties and challenges experienced by rural residents during the epidemic.Trial registration:“Not applicable” in this section