Comparou-se a mortalidade infantil evitável nas coortes de nascimentos de 2000/2001 e de 2007/2008, em Londrina-PR. Dados sobre nascidos vivos e óbitos infantis foram vinculados em base de dados única e as causas básicas de morte foram agrupadas conforme a Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis por Intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde. Calculou-se a variação percentual das taxas de mortes entre os biênios e usou-se a técnica de análise de correspondência. As proporções de óbitos evitáveis foram de 71,6% em 2000/2001 e de 65,5% em 2007/2008. A taxa de mortalidade evitável por atenção à mulher na gestação predominou nos dois biênios, com incremento de 16,7%. Houve declínio das taxas de mortalidade evitável pelas demais causas. A análise de correspondência mostrou, em 2000/2001, um perfil de mortes representado principalmente por causas evitáveis por atenção à mulher no parto e por adequada promoção/atenção à saúde, enquanto que, em 2007/2008, por causas evitáveis por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação, especialmente entre os nascidos com baixo peso, e não claramente evitáveis entre os com peso adequado. Apesar da diminuição da mortalidade por algumas causas evitáveis, são necessárias medidas para aumentar a qualificação da atenção durante a gestação.
Despite technological progress in recent decades, neonatal mortality accounts for some two-thirds of infant deaths where the infant mortality rates are low. This study analyzes neonatal deaths in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, during three periods, beginning with 1994, the year when pediatric and neonatal intensive care beds were created in the city. The data were collected from live birth certificates in the National Information System on Live Births (SINASC) and individual analysis of neonatal death certificates. Births declined in the city, but the low birthweight rate increased from 7.7 to 8.8% and the preterm birth rate from 6.3 to 8.4%. Multiple births also increased. Caesarian sections varied from 48 to 52%. The percentage of deaths from congenital malformations increased. The vast majority of neonatal deaths are preventable, mainly by providing specialized care during pregnancy. The neonatal mortality rate has declined recently, from 10.1 to 6.4 per 1,000 live births. The authors conclude that neonatal care is improving in Londrina.
Non-radioactive in situ hybridization (NISH) with a chromosome 12-specific alpha satellite probe was performed on 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with normal karyotype (15 cases) or with inadequate mitotic yield (5 cases) from mitogen-stimulated cultures. All patients had over 70% lymphocytes coexpressing the CD5/CD23 antigens. While less than 1% interphase nuclei showed three fluorescent spots in 16/20 patients, evidence of trisomy 12 in 15-25% interphase cells was detected in four patients. According to the FAB classification the diagnosis in these patients was typical B-CLL, stage III (Rai's staging system) in one case, CLL/PLL, stage II and III in two cases, PLL, stage III in one case. In order to confirm these results, NISH was repeated after 1 month in one patient and after 2 years in three patients. All patients had been treated with chemotherapy in the period between the two NISH experiments. In all cases a 1.8-3-fold increase of percentage of trisomic interphase cells was detected. These findings suggest that in B-CLL clones with trisomy 12 may have proliferative advantage over clonal B-lymphocyte without +12 and, possibly, that they may be more resistant to chemotherapy. We conclude that NISH is a sensitive technique allowing for the detection and monitoring of trisomy 12 in a fraction of B-CLL patients with normal karyotype or with no analysable mitoses despite employment of polyclonal B-cell mitogens.
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