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Tabebuia avellanedae (syn. Handroanthus impetiginosus) is popularly known as 'ipê-roxo' and has been used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory and in the treatment of ulcers, bacterial and fungal infections. This study evaluated the gastric ulcer healing property of the ethanolic extract (EET) of barks from Tabebuia avellanedae and investigated the mechanisms that may underlie this effect. Rats were treated with EET (twice a day for 7 days) after induction of chronic gastric ulcers by 80% acetic acid. Following treatment, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed in gastric ulcer tissues. Oral administration of EET (100 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric lesion induced by acetic acid in 44 and 36%, respectively. Histopathological evaluation demonstrated a contraction of gastric ulcer size, increase of mucus layer (periodic acid-Schiff stained mucin-like glycoproteins) and cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry) in animals treated with EET (100 and 300 mg/kg). The results demonstrate that EET significantly accelerates healing of acetic acid induced gastric ulcer in rats through increase of mucus content and cell proliferation, indicating a potential usefulness for treatment of peptic ulcer diseases.

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A automedicação caracteriza-se por ser uma prática na qual se procura de alívio rápido de sintomas, contudo, quando realizada de forma inadequada, pode mascarar graves doenças e provocar intoxicação e morte. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência da prática da automedicação e o perfil de consumo de medicamentos entre acadêmicos dos cursos da área de saúde de uma Faculdade Particular na Cidade de Curitiba. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados de acadêmicos dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem, Odontologia, curso de Tecnologia em Segurança do Trabalho, e cursos Técnicos em Saúde Bucal e Prótese Dentária, por meio da aplicação de um questionário. Os dados foram analisados com o uso do SPSS 19 para Windows. Dos 76 acadêmicos avaliados, houve predomínio do sexo feminino (80,3 %), sendo que dentre essas 55,7% relataram o uso de medicamentos. A classe dos analgésicos foi a mais relatada (56,5%). A principal causa de automedicação foi o reconhecimento que o sintoma apresentado não era motivo para a procura médica. Observa-se a necessidade de abordar nos cursos de graduação os riscos da prática de automedicação sem acompanhamento de um profissional de saúde objetivando a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.

Dugesia tigrina is a non-parasitic platyhelminth, which has been recently utilized in pharmacological models, regarding the nervous system, as it presents a wide sensitivity to drugs. Our trials aimed to propose a model for an in vivo screening of substances with inhibitory activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Trials were performed with four drugs commercialized in Brazil: donepezil, tacrine, galantamine and rivastigmine, utilized in the control of Alzheimer's disease, to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase. We tested five concentrations of the drugs, with an exposure of 24 h, and the mortality and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase planarian seizure-like activity (pSLA) and planarian locomotor velocity (pLMV) were measured. Galantamine showed high anticholinesterasic activity when compared to the other drugs, with a reduction of 0.05 µmol¨min´1 and 63% of convulsant activity, presenting screw-like movement and hypokinesia, with pLMV of 65 crossed lines during 5 min. Our results showed for the first time the anticholinesterasic and convulsant effect, in addition to the decrease in locomotion induced by those drugs in a model of invertebrates. The experimental model proposed is simple and low cost and could be utilized in the screening of substances with anticholinesterasic action.

The Bauhinia genus is known as "Pata-de-Vaca" and a wide variety of these species are used in Brazilian folk medicine due to their gastroprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the antiulcer efficacy of the hydroalcoholic extract from B. curvula (HEBC) leaves, as well as its semi-purified fraction (SPFr) and the contribution of their phytochemicals constituents for this effect. For that, ethanol 60%/HCl 0.3 M- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer were performed in rodents. Gastric ulcerated tissues were processed for histological, histochemical and biochemical analysis. The oral treatment with HEBC and SPFr decreased the gastric ulcer induced by ethanol/HCl in mice and by indomethacin (only HEBC) in rats. The gastroprotective effect of HEBC was abolished in mice pretreated with Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, N-Ethylmaleimide, glibenclamide or indomethacin. Both HEBC and SPFr reduced myeloperoxidase activity in parallel with a decrease of lipoperoxides content at the site of the lesion. On the other hand, HEBC did not alter volume, pH, total acidity or pepsin activity of acid gastric secretion in rats, and neither inhibited the in vitro H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Additionally, the compounds identified and isolated from the SPFr, the flavonoids quercitrin (65%) and kaempferol (35%), were able to diminish the extent of ulcerated area induced by both ethanol/HCl and indomethacin. Taking together, these findings show that B. curvula extracts present gastroprotective effect, mainly explained by the presence of flavonoids quercitrin and kaempferol, which may possibly improve the defensive factors of gastric mucosa.

A contracepção de emergência é envolta de polêmicas e ligada a assuntos como o aborto, planejamento familiar e gravidez na adolescência. A percepção do enfermeiro na administração e/ou orientação do contraceptivo de emergência é motivada pela ética profissional e a sua moralidade individual. O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer mediante relatos a percepção bioética do enfermeiro frente aos dilemas da contracepção de emergência. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa de relato de caso com 10 enfermeiros das unidades de saúde na cidade de Curitiba, por meio de gravação de áudio de um questionário semiestruturado no período de abril e maio de 2017. Concluiu-se que os enfermeiros das unidades colocam a ética profissional á frente da sua moral, trazendo assim para as usuárias eficiência e eficácia no atendimento, que por sua vez deve ser feito o mais breve possível.