BackgroundMeasure the populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus adults according to sex and location inside or outside the residence, estimate Ae. aegypti female density per house and per resident, and test the association with abiotic factors.MethodsAdult mosquitoes were collected monthly with a hand net and portable electric catcher in the peridomiciliary and intradomiciliary premises of residences in an urban area with ongoing dengue transmission in the municipality of São Sebastião, Brazil, from February 2011 to February 2012.ResultsOf the 1,320 specimens collected, 1,311 were Ae. aegypti, and nine were Ae. albopictus. A total of 653 male and 658 female of Ae. aegypti were recorded, of which 80% were intradomiciliary. The mean density of Ae. aegypti adult females was 1.60 females/house and 0.42 females/resident. There was an association between the number of females and the number of residents in both intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary premises (r2 = 0.92; p < 0.001 and r2 = 0.68; p < 0.001, respectively). There was an association between the number of females and the mean and total rainfall; the correlation was better in peridomiciliary premises (p = 0.00; r2 = 77%) than intradomiciliary premises in both cases (p = 0.01; r2 = 48%). Minimum temperature was associated in both environments, exhibiting the same coefficient of determination (p = 0.02; r2 = 40%). The low frequency of Ae. albopictus (seven females and two males) did not allow for detailed evaluation.ConclusionsAe. aegypti is well established within the urban area studied, and the frequency of isolation is higher inside the houses. Female density was directly proportional to the number of residents in the houses. Our data show that human population density positively affects the number of Ae. aegypti females within the residence. Meteorological variables also affected mosquito populations. These data indicate a high probability of human-vector contact, increasing the possible transmission and spread of the DEN virus. Entomological indicators of adult females revealed important information complimenting what was obtained with traditional Stegomyia indices. This information should be a part of an interconnected data set for evaluating and controlling the vector.

BackgroundThis study focused on the distribution and abundance of the eggs of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.MethodsEighty ovitraps were exposed for four days of each month in peri- and intradomiciliary environments of 40 urban residences on 20 street blocks that were drawn monthly in Sebastião, SP, between February 2011 and February 2012. The monthly distribution of positive ovitrap indices (POI) and mean egg counts per trap (MET) of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and simple linear regression were used to determine the association between the meteorological variables of temperature and rainfall and the number of ovitraps with eggs and the egg count.ResultsThe POI and MET of Ae. aegypti were higher in peridomiciliary premises. A positive correlation was found between the temperature and the number of ovitraps with eggs and the egg count of this species in domestic environments. There was no difference in the POI and MET of Ae. albopictus between the environments. A positive correlation was found between temperature and positive ovitraps of Ae. albopictus in peridomiciliary premises. The POI and MET of Ae. aegypti were higher than those of Ae. albopictus.ConclusionsPeridomiciliary premises were the preferred environments for oviposition of Ae. aegypti. The use of ovitraps for surveillance and vector control is reiterated.

IntroduçãoA sociedade moderna tem convivido com processos crescentes e concomitantes de urbanização acelerada, poluição, degradação ambiental, deficiências de infra-estrutura, saneamento e educação. Todos esses fatores podem contribuir para o surgimento de doenças transmitidas por vetores que geram conseqüências indesejáveis para a qualidade de vida da população 1 .Entre as doenças vetoradas, a dengue merece atenção porque, mesmo na forma clássica, gera transtornos físicos para a população, além de grandes gastos de recursos financeiros na tentativa de controle. Quanto à forma grave, há o risco e a ocorrência de óbitos, gerando altos custos para o setor de saúde 2 . Por sua vez, em saúde pública, pouco ou quase nada se consegue sem a participação de todos, e essa participação no caso da dengue refere-se à incorporação do conhecimento sobre a doença não somente pela população em geral, mas também pelos diversos setores da sociedade responsáveis pela produção de descartáveis que podem tornar-se criadouros do mosquito 3 . Por isso, toda a sociedade deve ser engajada no controle da dengue, não somente o serviço público.Atualmente podem ser notadas mudanças na conduta das indústrias em geral por meio da implementação da ISO 14000, incentivo à política dos três "R" (reduzir, reutilizar e reciclar) e implementação de atividades educativas para popula-1696 ARTIGO ARTICLE 1696

Com o objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal de casos de malária autóctone, segundo: densidade parasitária, sintomas e atividade por ocasião da infecção. Foi feito estudo descritivo retrospectivo de 1985 a 2006, nos municípios de Ubatuba, Caraguatatuba, São Sebastião e Ilhabela. Os dados foram obtidos na ficha de investigação epidemiológica da Superintendência de Controle de Endemias e Sistema de Informação de Notificação de Agravos à Saúde. Dos 83 casos, 77% eram do sexo masculino. São Sebastião e Caraguatatuba apresentaram maior número de casos. Os indivíduos mais acometidos encontraram-se em idade produtiva com Plasmodium vivax, e densidade parasitária de um parasita a cada dois ou mais campos microscópicos. Lazer foi a atividade mais exercida pelos pacientes por ocasião da infecção. Os principais sintomas foram febre, cefaléia, sudorese e mialgia. Foram registrados 4 indivíduos assintomáticos. Esses dados devem contribuir para a melhoria das ações de descentralização do controle da malária na região considerando-a na suspeita clínica e/ou epidemiológica, laboratório de referência e recursos humanos treinados para o diagnóstico e tratamentos adequados.

OBJECTIVE To describe the infestation of the municipalities of São Paulo by the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, characterize seasonality and analyze average temperatures and larval densities.METHODS We used maps with information on the infestation of municipalities between 1986 and 2015. The analysis of larval density of the species by the Wilcoxon test used the Breteau index values for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus obtained from the Superintendency for Endemic Diseases Control database. In the seasonal description, arithmetic means of each vector were calculated by month and year. Mean temperature analyses were presented on maps with color gradients.RESULTS The state of São Paulo is currently almost totally infested, with co-occurrence of species in 93.64% of the municipalities. The seasonality analysis showed the first quarter as the most favorable period for larval abundance. The increase of mean temperatures in geographical areas coincided with the temporal trajectory of Ae. aegypti territorial expansion. The mean larval density found was higher for Ae. aegypti than for Ae. albopictus (p = 0.00).CONCLUSIONS Initially, these Culicidae occupied distinct and opposing areas. Over time, however, co-occurrence showed how great their capacity for adaptation is, even in the face of different social and urban conjunctures. The increase of the mean temperature contributed to Ae. Aegypti ’s geographic expansion, as well as to the clearly seasonal profile of both species. In general, larval infestation by Ae. aegypti prevailed, which evidenced its competitive superiority. These data provide a better understanding of the dynamics of arboviral transmission in the state of São Paulo and can be used in vector surveillance and control.