Vectors of arboviruses in the state of São Paulo: 30 years of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To describe the infestation of the municipalities of São Paulo by the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, characterize seasonality and analyze average temperatures and larval densities.METHODS We used maps with information on the infestation of municipalities between 1986 and 2015. The analysis of larval density of the species by the Wilcoxon test used the Breteau index values for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus obtained from the Superintendency for Endemic Diseases Control database. In the seasonal description, arithmetic means of each vector were calculated by month and year. Mean temperature analyses were presented on maps with color gradients.RESULTS The state of São Paulo is currently almost totally infested, with co-occurrence of species in 93.64% of the municipalities. The seasonality analysis showed the first quarter as the most favorable period for larval abundance. The increase of mean temperatures in geographical areas coincided with the temporal trajectory of Ae. aegypti territorial expansion. The mean larval density found was higher for Ae. aegypti than for Ae. albopictus (p = 0.00).CONCLUSIONS Initially, these Culicidae occupied distinct and opposing areas. Over time, however, co-occurrence showed how great their capacity for adaptation is, even in the face of different social and urban conjunctures. The increase of the mean temperature contributed to Ae. Aegypti ’s geographic expansion, as well as to the clearly seasonal profile of both species. In general, larval infestation by Ae. aegypti prevailed, which evidenced its competitive superiority. These data provide a better understanding of the dynamics of arboviral transmission in the state of São Paulo and can be used in vector surveillance and control.

New traps for the capture of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) eggs and adults

“…In contrast, the greater amount of A. aegypti caught in Londrina can be explained by the fact that the collection area was fully urbanized, unlike the collection area in Manaus, considering that this species is extremely adapted to the urban environment and highly anthropophile [2,12,14]. These results corroborate with the studies of [56] and [34], which monitored A. aegypti in the state of Paraná.…”

“…The data obtained from the UELtrap-EA traps presented a higher number of eggs that from the CRtrap-EA traps (Fig 1). This result was also evident because the average egg number (373) obtained by the former was observed to be 27 times higher than the average egg number (14) acquired by the latter; therefore, the differences was statistically significant among the referenced values (p = 0.0107) ( Table 1). Considering the number of eggs of Aedes spp.…”

“…This species has a home habit, with essentially anthropophile and synanthropic behavior [2,[12][13][14]. Females prefer artificial containers with standing water for laying, such as tires, disposable cups, potted plants and bottles, especially those of dark colors and with rough surfaces [2,[15][16][17].…”

New traps for the capture of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) eggs and adults

“…This species has a home habit, with essentially anthropophilic and synanthropic behavior [2,[12][13][14]. Females prefer artificial containers with standing water for laying, such as tires, disposable cups, potted plants and bottles, especially those of dark colors and with rough surfaces [2,[15][16][17].…”

Preliminary evaluation of the larvicidal activity of extracts and fractions from Ocotea nutans (Nees) Mez against Aedes aegypti

“…The Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito is a vector for arboviruses, which cause diseases such as chikungunya fever, yellow fever, dengue, and Zika and therefore, constitute a public health problem 1 . Recently, the number of cases of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever has increased sharply, affecting developing countries worldwide.…”