Constipation is a condition often found in pregnant women and can lead to various complications. Based on pathophysiology, constipation can be classified into constipation due to structural abnormalities and functional constipation. Constipation in pregnant women is classified as the functional constipation caused by hormonal factors, changes in diet, growth of fetus, decrease in physical activities and the position of the defecation. The management of constipation during pregnancy take precedence on non pharmacological therapy. Pharmacological therapy (laxatives) that can be used is the bulk-forming agents and osmotic laxatives, however, they are only when absolutely necessary and are not for long term use. The reasons are to avoid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in pregnant women.
The purpose of community service was to increase community participation in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) through training of health cadres and the establishment of village TB posts in the working area of Sentajo Raya health centre. The activity method in the form of TB cadre training, the establishment of a Village TB Post and monitoring evaluation. The results of this activity were 30 people who had received training and were appointed as TB cadres. All TB cadres get TB module books, cadre pocketbooks and certificates. TB cadres must be able to play a role in the prevention and treatment of TB in their respective villages. The establishment of the first village TB post in the working area of Sentajo Raya Health Center was Pulau Kopung Sentajo Village. In the monitoring and evaluation activities of Pulau Kopung village Sentajo, a village TB post was formed in the "Village Population Activity Corner". Discussions with cadres and village heads were conducted to find out the problems faced, and there were activity books for cadres, PMO cards, and Banner TB for village TB posts. This activity can be carried out well and has the full support of the government and the community. They hope that this current activity and collaboration can be continued.
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the six most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent reports have suggested an increasing prevalence of HCC without evidence of hepatitis B and C infection (non-viral HCC).Methods: This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach that aimed to describe the distribution of viral and non-viral risk causes of hepatocellular carcinoma cases at Arifin Achmad General Hospital (AAGH), Riau Province in the period of 2013-2017. Data were obtained from medical records of HCC patients using total sampling method.Results: We included 129 cases of whom 64 (49,6%) were associated with viral causes and 65 (50,4%) were non-viral HCC. Bivariate analyses showed that there was no age difference between viral and non-viral HCC patients but the prevalence of non-viral HCC was significantly higher in females than males (odds ratio [OR], 3,12 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1,2-8,1; p=0,016). In addition, patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) <400 ng/mL were more frequently associated with non-viral HCC compared with those with elevated AFP ³400 ng/mL (OR, 3,71; 95%CI, 1,49-9,26; p=0,004).Conclusion: There was an equal distribution of viral and non-viral causes in HCC cases at AAGH, Riau Province during 2013-2017. This suggests changing etiologies of HCC that may impact HCC surveillance.
One of the pillars in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is pharmacotherapy, i.e. the use of antihyperglycemic drugs. Success in DM management is influenced by patient compliance to the pharmacotherapy given. One indicator of controlling Type 2 DM is HbA1c levels. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between antihyperglycemic therapy compliance and the HbA1c levels in Type 2 DM patients in the Chronic Disease Management Program in Pekanbaru. Method. This was a cross-sectional study. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling method. Laboratory examination was carried out to obtain HbA1c levels, the value of which was categorized controlled if <7%. The compliance with the use of antihyperglycemic drugs was assessed using Medication Possession Ratio (MPR). Patients were considered compliant if they had an MPR of ≥80%. Data were analyzed using the Fisher Exact test. Results. Most of the 48 patients had uncontrolled HbA1c levels (87,5%). The level of non-compliant patients was also very high (91,7%). This study showed a significant relationship between pharmacotherapy compliance and HbA1c levels (p <0.05). Discussion. There was a relationship between pharmacotherapy compliance and the level of HbA1c in Type 2 DM patients. Physicians should pay more attention to patients with low compliance as it may increase the risk to a high HbA1c level.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.