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In tobacco BY-2 cells xyloglucan oligosaccharides alter the expression of genes involved in cell wall metabolism, signalling, stress responses, cell division and transcriptional control.--Manuscript Draft--

Power is one of the most complex organizational attributes to understand due to the multiple related variables and dimensions in which it appears. The ownership and use and of power are reflected in the interpersonal relationships within an organization, as a result, modeling its structure and interactions can lead to knowledge about the power networks that shape it. The objective of this study was to identify the behavior of organizational networks based on existing sources of power, using a consensual analysis of the different topologies present in these networks. The study was carried out in a private production company in Ecuador, which has representation at a domestic level. To this end, a 12-question personalized questionnaire was designed with the aim of identifying specific networks and was applied to 1190 workers in the company. The results were obtained using organizational network analysis and a consensus strategy to integrate the centralities found in multiple networks into one. This study can serve as a reference to organizations, so they can know the relationships between people within it, as part of their management process. In this way, the identification of people within power networks is useful for knowing the “key” actors in the promotion of organizational changes, as well as for the development of career plans based on the position that people occupy in the organizational system.

Soil salinity is one of the most devastating problems which reduces crop production and increases desertification. New approaches to overcome the negative effect of salinity on plants include the use of plant biostimulants, such as Xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XGOs) derived from the breakdown of xyloglucans from plant cell walls. The present study aimed at verifying the influence of exogenous XGOs derived from Tamarindus indica L. cell walls, on Arabidopsis thaliana's tolerance to salt stress by understanding the gene expression, enzymatic and metabolic changes resulting from its application. A. thaliana plants were grown in liquid media and after 15 days they were treated by a salt shock with 100 mM of sodium chloride, with or without XGOs at 0.1 mg L -1 . Gene expression of four oxidative stress markers as well as catalase and peroxidase activities and content of glutathione, total carbonyl, polyphenolics and chlorophyll were quantified. Bioinformatic models were used to obtain the co-expression network of the four oxidative stress response gene markers from microarray data of Arabidopsis under salt stress. Results showed that in saline conditions, XGOs dramatically increased catalase gene expression and enzymatic activity, peroxidase activity, and chlorophyll a/b ratio, while reducing protein oxidation and total polyphenols. Thus, XGOs may act to counteract negative effects of oxidative stress under saline conditions.

INTRODUCCIÓN. La innovación resulta fundamental para el crecimiento y diferenciación organizacional; sin embargo, su efectividad se deriva de la existencia de una cultura de innovación, donde las características individuales tienen un rol fundamental OBJETIVO. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo identificar las diferencias en las percepciones de trabajadores de una organización de acuerdo con la relación entre la cultura de innovación y de aprendizaje existente, teniendo en cuenta aspectos sociodemográficos como el género, el nivel de escolaridad y la jerarquía ocupacional MÉTODO. Para esto se aplicó un inventario compuesto por dos cuestionarios, incluyendo un espacio para variables sociodemográficas RESULTADOS. Nuestros resultados indicaron que el género y el nivel jerárquico no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las comparaciones de medias realizadas; sin embargo, el nivel de escolaridad sí fue una variable donde se mostraron diferencias. El comportamiento de las correlaciones fue diferente en todos los casos. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Nuestra investigación refleja la importancia de tomar en cuenta las características de las personas que integran a la cultura de la organización para poder entender las distintas percepciones manifestadas y potenciar los procesos de gestión organizacional al momento de elaborar estrategias y tomar decisiones relacionadas con procesos de innovación.

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