Endovascular stenting is technically feasible with high procedure success and relatively low complication rate in patients with ECAA. Both short- and mid-term outcomes appear to be favourable.

No abstract

No abstract

Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) is a transcription repressor that has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of diverse tumors. The functional role and regulating mechanism of ZHX1 has not been elucidated in glioblastoma (GBM). Previous reports have suggested that a large number of non-coding RNAs play a vital role in glioma initiation and progression. This study aimed to investigate the functional role and co-regulatory mechanisms of the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1)/ microRNA-199a (miR-199a)/ZHX1 axis in GBM. We analyzed the expression of the MALAT1/miR-199a/ZHX1 axis and its correlation with patients’ overall survival using two different glioma gene-expression datasets. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies including dual luciferase reporter assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), RNA immunoprecipitation, and pull-down experiments were completed to elucidate the biological significance of the MALAT1/miR-199a/ZHX1 axis in promoting glioma proliferation and progression. Elevated ZHX1 expression correlated with poor prognosis in GBM patients, and in vitro studies demonstrated that ZHX1 attenuated GBM cell apoptosis by downregulation of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Furthermore, knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited GBM proliferation and progression in vitro and reduced tumor volume and prolonged survival in an orthotopic GBM murine model. Finally, we demonstrated that MALAT1 promoted ZHX1 expression via acting as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-199a. The MALAT1/miR-199a/ZHX1 axis promotes GBM cell proliferation and progression in vitro and in vivo, and its expression negatively correlates with GBM patient survival. Blocking the MALAT1/miR-199a/ZHX1 axis can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating GBM.

No abstract

The preoperative NLR was correlated with glioma grading, and the elevated NLR was an independent predictive factor for poor outcome of glioblastoma patients. Abbreviation IDH1: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1IL-8: Interleukin-8KPS: Karnofsky Performance ScoresNLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratioOS: Overall survivalROC: Receiver operating characteristicSD: Standard deviationsWHO: World Health Organization.

We present a framework based on spectral graph theory that captures the interplay among network topology, system inertia, and generator and load damping in determining the overall grid behavior and performance. Specifically, we show that the impact of network topology on a power system can be quantified through the network Laplacian eigenvalues, and such eigenvalues determine the grid robustness against low frequency disturbances. Moreover, we can explicitly decompose the frequency signal along scaled Laplacian eigenvectors when damping-inertia ratios are uniform across buses. The insight revealed by this framework partially explains why load-side participation in frequency regulation not only makes the system respond faster, but also helps lower the system nadir after a disturbance. Finally, by presenting a new controller specifically tailored to suppress high frequency disturbances, we demonstrate that our results can provide useful guidelines in the controller design for load-side primary frequency regulation. This improved controller is simulated on the IEEE 39-bus New England interconnection system to illustrate its robustness against high frequency oscillations compared to both the conventional droop control and a recent controller design.

Experience is an important point in the effectiveness of the surgical procedure and in the reduction of complications in pituitary surgery. Endoscopic pituitary surgery differs from microscopic surgery because it requires a steep learning curve for endoscopic skills. In this study, we investigated the learning curve of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in our department. Endoscopic transsphenoidal operations were performed on 80 patients, who were retrospectively examined and grouped as the early and late experience groups to evaluate the learning curve. The patients' characteristics, gross total resection, endocrinological cure, visual field improvement, duration of surgery, postoperative hospital stay, and complications were noted. After examining our patients of the 2 groups of period, our experience showed that as the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery increases, the duration of surgery and postoperative hospital stay decrease. In this study, we identified a learning curve in endoscopic pituitary surgery.