The purpose of this study is to know the prevalence of horizontal pattern bone deffect compare to vertical pattern that found in periodontal disease. Material and Methods: In this study, sample selected by purposive sampling according to inclusion criteria, samples with periodontitis that diagnosed clinically approved by periodontist, and the sample also have diabetic diseases that having measure their sugar level blood test 3 months before the study, and then measure it again before taking the radiograph. Results: The horizontal pattern that found in periodontitis in patient that sustain diabetes mellitus in this study might occur due to bone damage that developed in long period and without treatment. Conclusion: This study shows the prevalence of bone damage pattern was the pattern of horizontal obtained 76.3%, vertical pattern is found at 23.7%. The horizontal pattern that found mostly in periodontitis in patient that sustain diabetes mellitus in this study might occur due to bone damage that developed in long period and without treatment.
First permanent molar mandible had already errupted in 6-7 years old and the root formation completes at age of 9-10 years. The root formation of first permanent mandible starts at 5 years and 3 months old, which in radiograph shows as radiopaque area that appear below the crown line, and the root development become half of the root formation at 6 years and 2 months old. This stage of first permanent mandible root development can be associated with age estimation. The aim of this study was to determine the stage of the root development, the shape and lenght of the first permanent molar mandible in children aged 6-10 years old in periapical radiograph. The radiograph was placed on the viewer box and marked the edge of cemento enamel junction and the tip of apex root by pencil and placed the tip of calipper on the two point that have been marked then measured the leght using a ruler. Measurement of the roots length were taken for mesial and distal of each tooth and noted the root shape that assessed form the radiograph. The result of this study shown that the lenght of first permanent mandible of 6-10 years old was in the range of 5,5 -14 mm for mesial root an 4,5 – 12 mm for distal root. The majority of root development shape was at stage R ¾ at 6 years (71,4 %), at 7years (100 %), at 8 years (85,7%) and at the age of 9 years old 85,7% of root shape was at stage Rc and 57,1 % of the rooot shape of the 10 years old was at stage Ac, which stage means the root formation already complete. As a conclusion, the mesial root length appears longer than the distal length with the root lenght varies on the age of 6-10 years old. The root development shape of 6 and 7 until 8 years old mostly shows the root already formed ¾ of root formation, then at 9 years old the root shape become complete but the apex not yet, and at 10 years old the stage of the root shape already complete which shown by the closed of the root apex completly.
Periodontal ligaments are one of the supporting tissues of teeth that undergo remodeling during the tooth movement process. Vitamin C deficiency inhibits the regeneration of collagen fibers, which are important in tissue remodeling that affects the widening of the periodontal ligament space during the process of tooth movement. The widening of periodontal ligament space can be seen by taking radiographic photos. The purpose of this study was to determine the width of the periodontal ligament space of guinea pigs by administering vitamin C, without vitamin C, and the differences between the two groups. Those samples were grouped into four groups with observation times of 1, 4, 7, and 10 days, and each group consisted of the control group and vitamin C group. Those samples were paired with orthodontic separator rubber. After the specified time was completed, periapical radiographs were taken, and the width of the periodontal ligament space was measured by using Image J software. The mean width of the periodontal ligament space in the vitamin C group was smaller than the control group. Based on this study, it can be concluded that vitamin C has an effect on reducing periodontal ligament space in the process of tooth movement. Key words: periodontal ligament space, vitamin C, tooth movement, remodeling
Periodontitis is typically associated with disorders characterized by compromised tooth-supporting tissue. Damage to periodontal tissue is caused by an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. Decreased tissue inhibitor and elevated matrix metalloproteinase levels result in collagen connective tissue and bone degradation. Several studies have shown that high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and low levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are also found in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of patients with periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of MMP-13 levels, TIMP-1 levels of saliva and bone density in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planning (SRP). The study samples were selected from patients who came for treatment at the Periodontics Installation of Universitas Sumatera Utara. A total of 16 patients were selected (n = 16) with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. The result showed that salivary MMP-13 levels in chronic periodontitis patients before SRP were higher than salivary MMP-13 levels after SRP and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was also revealed that salivary TIMP-1 levels and alveolar bone density in chronic periodontitis patients before SRP were lower than that after SRP and the difference was statisticallysignificant (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between clinical parameters and salivary MMP-13 levels in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after SRP, but it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between clinical parameters and salivary TIMP-1 levels in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after SRP, but it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
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