Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common genetic disorders among the White population. The disease has a progressive course and leads to a reduction in the quality of life and of life expectancy. Standard diagnostic procedures used in the monitoring of CF patients include methods which expose patients to ionizing radiation. With increasing life expectancy in CF the cumulative dose of ionising radiation increases, prompting clinicians’ search for safer imaging studies. Despite its safety and availability lung ultrasound (LUS) is not routinely used in the diagnostic evaluation of CF patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of LUS in children with CF compared to a chest X-ray, and to assess the diagnostic value of the recently developed LUS score—CF-USS (Cystic Fibrosis Ultrasound Score). LUS was performed in 48 CF children and adolescents aged from 5 to 18 years (24 girls and 24 boys). LUS consisted of the assessment of the pleura, lung sliding, A-line and B-line artefacts, "lung rockets", alveolar consolidations, air bronchogram and pleural effusion. Chest radiography was performed in all patients and analyzed according to the modified Chrispin-Norman score. LUS was analyzed according to CF-USS. The correlation between the CF-USS and the modified Chrispin-Norman scores was moderate (R = 0.52, p = 0.0002) and strong in control studies. In 75% of patients undergoing LUS, small areas of subpleural consolidations were observed, which were not visible on x-rays. At the same time, LUS was not sensitive enough to visualize bronchial pathology, which plays an important role in assessing the progression of the disease. Conclusions: LUS constitutes an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of subpleural consolidations. CF-USS results correlate with the conventional x-ray modified Chrispin–Norman score. LUS should be considered a supplementary radiographic examination in the monitoring of CF patients, and CF-USS may provide clinicians with valuable information concerning the progression of the disease.

The presence of macrocysts in the kidneys of lithium-treated bipolar patients is associated with impaired renal function. The US changes characteristic for lithium nephropathy are rare, and in our study, were only found in patients treated with lithium for 20 years or more. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:354-359, 2016.

The aim of the study was a survey-based assessment concerning parents of children undergoing CT examinations and their knowledge of detailed information about procedures involved in imaging diagnostics. Material and Methods: A statistical analysis of 108 surveys of parents of children undergoing CT studies in the Department of Pediatric Radiology in Poznań, Poland was done, with the use of Statistica software. Results: In result of the evaluation of all subsections of the substantive question number, the majority of answers were incorrect (68-98%). No correlation between the number of CT examinations conducted for a child and the number of correct answers to substantive questions was observed. No correlation between the number of CT examinations conducted for a child and the fact of noting the examination with the use of ionizing radiation down in a child's health certificate was stated. The statistical analysis showed that children of parents who declared that the aim of the CT examination had been explained to them better underwent more of them. Conclusions: Parents are poorly informed about a radiation dose and risk related to a CT examination procedure.

Phakomatoses are a group of neurocutaneous disorders whose origin is derived from the embryonic ectoderm. These disorders affect the central nervous system, the eyes, and the skin. This article presents phakomatoses and cutaneous manifestations associated with moyamoya disease and syndrome. Moyamoya disease is a progressive and occlusive disorder of the cerebral vasculature often presenting with particular phakomatoses. This article aims to reveal why patients with phakomatoses qualify for detailed neuroimaging.

Introduction. Current advancements in fields of medical sciences resulted in an increase of imaging examinations with a use of ionising radiation. Such increase leads to justified concerns about its possible consequences.Aim. Assessment of awareness and level of knowledge of medicine students in terms of ionising radiationMaterial and methods. Statistical analysis of 207 surveys of medical students from University of Medical Sciences in Poznan (UMP), Poland with use of Statistica softwareResults. There was no significant difference between the results of the assessment related to gender, year of studies or attendance to radiology classes. Conclusions. Students level of knowledge about the ionising radiation was unsatisfactory. A change in training program can be a benefit for patients and physicians.

The Frantz tumor (solid pseudopapillary neoplasm-SPN) is a rare, usually benign tumor of unclear etiology having a predilection for young women. This usually asymptomatic tumor may, however, be a cause of abdominal pain or discomfort. In our case, the mentioned tumor was a cause of abdominal pain in a 14-year-old, a so far healthy patient. Abdominal imaging-USG and computed tomography scan (CT) were performed showing a large mass in the left epi-and mesogastrium with primary location probably in the pancreas. A laparoscopic biopsy was performed and confirmed the initial diagnosis. A tumor along with the pancreatic tail were removed by laparotomy without complications. The case we described shows that a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm can be a rare cause of abdominal pain in pediatric patients.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common genetic disorders in the Caucasian population. The disease has a progressive course and leads to reduced life quality and life expectancy. Standard diagnostic procedures used in the monitoring of CF patients, include methods exposing patients to the ionizing radiation. With increasing life expectancy in CF the cumulative dose of ionising radiation increases, prompting clinicians’ search for safer imaging studies. Despite its safety and availability lung ultrasound (LUS) is not routinely used in the diagnostic evaluation of CF patients.The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of LUS in children with CF compared to chest X-ray, and to assess the diagnostic value of the recently developed LUS score - CF-USS (Cystic Fibrosis Ultrasound Score).LUS was performed in 48 CF children aged from 5 to 18 years (24 girls and 24 boys). LUS consisted in the assessment of the pleura, lung sliding, A-line and B-line artifacts, “lung rockets”, alveolar consolidations, air bronchogram and pleural effusion. Chest radiography was performed in all patients and analyzed according to the modified Chrispin-Norman score. LUS was analyzed according to CF-USS.Correlation between the CF-USS and the modified Chrispin-Norman scores were moderate (R=0.52, p=0.0002) and strong in control studies. In 75% of patients undergoing LUS, small areas of subpleural consolidations were observed, not visible on X-rays. At the same time, LUS was not sensitive enough to visualize bronchial pathology, which plays an important role in assessing the disease progression.ConclusionsLUS constitutes an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of subpleural consolidations. CF-USS results correlate with conventional x-ray modified Chrispin–Norman score. LUS should be considered an accessory radiographic examination in the monitoring of CF patients, and CF-USS may provide clinicians with valuable information concerning the disease progression.

We report the unusual case of abdominal pain in a 16-year-old male who was suspected of nephrolithiasis. The pain was dependent on the position of the body and fluid intake. Initial abdominal ultrasound (US) revealed only mild dilated renal pelvis, but further US demonstrated hydronephrotic left renal pelvis. Computed tomography without contrast media excluded kidney stones; however, modelling of the left dilated renal pelvis on the vessel was suspected. Ultrasound Doppler also showed an additional artery, which crossed the ureteropelvic junction. A computed tomography angiogram clearly showed the additional left renal artery, which compressed the ureteropelvic junction. We conclude that intermittent abdominal pain that is dependent on the position of the body and fluid intake in an older child should give rise to suspicion of the presence of a crossing renal vessel. Ultrasound Doppler and computed tomography without contrast media are good methods in the investigation of intermittent abdominal pain and initial assessment of renal vessels.