Objective: To assess the reliability of CEFBOT, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based cephalometry software, for cephalometric landmark annotation and linear and angular measurement according to Arnett’s analysis. Methods: Thirty lateral cephalometric radiographs acquired with a Carestream CS 9000 3D unit (Carestream Health Inc., Rochester/NY) were used in this study. The 66 landmarks and the ten selected linear and angular measurements of Arnett’s analysis were identified on each radiograph by a trained human examiner (control) and by CEFBOT (RadioMemory Ltd., Belo Horizonte, Brazil). For both methods, landmark annotations and measurements were duplicated with an interval of 15 days between measurements and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine reliability. The numerical values obtained with the two methods were compared by a t-test for independent variables. Results: CEFBOT was able to perform all but one of the ten measurements. ICC values > 0.94 were found for the remaining eight measurements, while the Frankfurt horizontal plane - true horizontal line (THL) angular measurement showed the lowest reproducibility (human, ICC = 0.876; CEFBOT, ICC = 0.768). Measurements performed by the human examiner and by CEFBOT were not statistically different. Conclusion: Within the limitations of our methodology, we concluded that the AI contained in the CEFBOT software can be considered a promising tool for enhancing the capacities of human Radiologists.

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Edentulousness did not cause remodeling of the gonial angle of the mandible or in the mandibular incisure angle.

Resumo Introdução Diante da alta incidência das doenças cardiovasculares, muitos são os pacientes que fazem uso de medicações para prevenção e tratamento dessas desordens. Consequentemente, o número de pessoas em uso de anticoagulantes orais a serem submetidas a tratamento odontológico é crescente e o manejo desses indivíduos requer criteriosa avaliação da condição clínica e do procedimento a ser realizado. Objetivo Avaliar o nível de conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas e graduandos em Odontologia quanto ao manejo de indivíduos em uso de anticoagulantes orais a serem submetidos a tratamento odontológico. Material e método Investigação descritiva, quantitativa, de corte transversal, com base em um questionário respondido por 100 indivíduos, sendo 70 cirurgiões-dentistas e 30 graduandos do curso de Odontologia, escolhidos por conveniência, para avaliar o conhecimento sobre o tema proposto. Para comparação das variáveis quantitativas, foi utilizado o Teste t de student, para comparação de duas amostras, e o Teste ANOVA, com pós-teste de Bonferroni, para comparação de três amostras. Resultado Dentre os entrevistados, 74,5% dos cirurgiões-dentistas e 54,2% dos graduandos relataram já ter atendido um paciente que faz uso de anticoagulante oral. Não houve diferença estatística quanto ao desempenho entre profissionais e alunos acerca do manejo odontológico de pacientes em uso de anticoagulantes. Dentre o grupo de cirurgiões-dentistas, os profissionais da cirurgia bucomaxilofacial e os que fizeram residência multiprofissional apresentaram melhor desempenho quando comparados aos clínicos gerais. Conclusão Pôde-se concluir que, para os grupos estudados, o manejo de pessoas em uso de anticoagulantes orais ainda é um desafio.

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Objective: To assess, with a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis, the occurrence of genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium after exposure to tooth bleaching agents. Material and methods: This review was performed according to the PRISMA protocols. To identify relevant studies, a systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, and Google Scholar. The research question was "Can tooth bleaching agents cause genotoxicity in the oral epithelium?”. The treatment effects were defined as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were established. Results: 154 studies were selected and, after screening titles and abstracts, seven full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility, of which four studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei before and after exposure (SMD= -0.14, 95% CI, 0.98 to 0.60, p=0.74), with a Tau2 index = 1.00; Chi2 = 70.20; p-value <0.00001; and I² of 93%, indicating high heterogeneity among the studies. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of the present SR, tooth bleaching agents do not lead to genotoxic damage in the oral epithelium but with a small effect and low level of evidence. In this way, the use of tooth bleaching agents is safe on the oral mucosa but randomized clinical trials that are more standardized in all stages are required to produce more robust evidence.

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