Background Oral care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an essential intervention proven to prevent Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). VAP results in increased morbidity and mortality, with excess hospital stay and cost. Oral care is a critical intervention that controls the accumulation of oral pathogens; however, it is viewed as a comfort measure and not a critical life-saving intervention. Objective To assess the oral care provided to ICU ventilated patients by nurses at a referral hospital in Kigali. Methods This cross-sectional design used a convenience sample of 47 nurses at a referral hospital in Kigali. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results The majority of nurses (89.4%) used normal saline for comprehensive mouth care on ICU patients. The majority reported they never used a toothbrush (53.2%) toothpaste (63.8%), or Chlorhexidine solution (89.4%), which are the recommendation. One third (34%) do not perform the oral assessment on admission. There is no ICU oral care protocol, and oral hygiene supplies are limited. Conclusion Oral care is critical care in VAP prevention. ICU nurses reported a low level of oral care practice. We recommend an oral care protocol and in-service training to improve the quality of oral care to ICU ventilated patients.
Hazards resulting from climate change jeopardize human in one way or another. Annually countless deaths, physical injuries, and the collapse of houses, among other consequences, are reported as negative effects associated to climate change events. There is no doubt that these effects are followed by mental health problems which requires the continuation of care after the emergency situation. This paper aimed at highlighting how climate change hazards in Rwanda might be followed by unidentified mental health illness, and proposed a model for proper management. The authors reviewed different literatures to inform their views about the issue and appreciate the efforts being done by the Government to manage immediate mental health problems resulting from climate change hazards for the victims. The authors suggested the need for the continuation of mental health care services after an emergency and that these services be provided by Community Health Workers who live day to day with victims. This will benefit not only the victims but also other people who might be having mental health issues within the community. The Authors recommend further research to document the impact of climate change on mental health and magnitude of the problem in Rwanda.
A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a new public health issue that is threatening the entire world. The first cases were detected in China by the end of 2019 and spread worldwide rapidly. A significant number of hospitalization and deaths have been recorded globally. So far, Public health measures, including staying at home, are the only available efficient control measures that help to stop the spread of the disease. This paper aims to document how the stay home measure was implemented and highlight its effects on the prevention of the spread of the disease in Rwanda and Kenya. The selection of Kenya and Rwanda was based on the fact that authors able to access the daily report from these countries. The authors reviewed the available literature to inform their views. In Rwanda, the stay-home strategy was strictly enforced, and movements were highly restricted, while in Kenya, movements were allowed in some counties with respect to preventive measures in place. The authors of this paper conclude that the stay home measure is a key measure to the containment of the spread of the outbreak. The paper recommends further studies to document the statistical association between the mode of implementation of the stay home measure and the decrease of new cases of 2019-nCoV. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(3):362-371
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