The fetal plantar shape can provide valuable information for prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot. Compared with a normal foot, a clubfoot tends to be wider and shorter. A higher width to length ratio is associated with a smaller bimalleolar angle and indicates a more severe talipes equinovarus deformity.
ABSTRACT. We investigated the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel [mito-K (ATP)] in exercise preconditioning of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into high-, moderate-, low-intensity, and control groups. The exercise groups were divided into control and inhibited groups. The control group was divided into model and sham groups. Eight rats were randomly selected from each group for analysis. At 40 and 50 min after ischemia-reperfusion, respectively, J point and T-wave values and QT intervals were significantly higher in the control model group than in the control sham group; ECG parameters were significantly lower in the exercise group than in the control group; ECG parameters were lower in the 5-HDinhibited group than in the corresponding exercise model group. The trends of serum enzymes (serum muscle kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase) were consistent with ECG parameter changes at 40 and 50 min after ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. Compared with the sham group, the control model group showed significantly decreased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (dP/dtmax) and significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). LVSP and dP/dtmax were significantly higher and LVEDP was significantly lower in the control group than in the exercise model group. LVSP and dP/dtmax were significantly lower and LVEDP was significantly higher in the inhibited group than in the corresponding exercise group. Long-term exercise can produce a preconditioning effect that exerts an ischemia-reperfusion cardioprotective effect. Mito-K (ATP) mediates the cardioprotective effects of exercise preconditioning.
Objectives: The reduction of myocardial matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) in early hypertension has been shown that may lead to collagen accumulation in extra cellar matrix (ECM) and myocardial fibrosis. CD147 is a natural inducer of MMP-2. We assume that the inhibition of CD147/MMP-2 pathway may contribute to this remodeling. So we intend to alter the level of CD147/MMP-2 in early hypertensive rats by injecting exogenous CD147 protein, and observe its effect on ventricular remodeling. Methods: 30 healthy eight weeks male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into 3 groups: SHR group (n¼10): normal saline via tail vein injection (iv.) qd ; CD147 group (n¼10): CD147 600ng$kg -1 iv. qw; CD147+DOX group (n¼10): CD147 600ng$kg -1 iv. qw and DOX (doxycycline, broad-spectrum inhibitor of MMPs) 30 mg$kg -1 qd via gavage. 10 healthy eight weeks male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were treated as the control gourp (WKY group, n¼10). Left ventricular mass indexs [LVWI¼ LV mass (mg)/ weight (g)] were measured and calculated; Myocardial sections were observed by HE coloration, VG coloration; Collagen volume fractions (CVF) were obtained by image analysis; The proteins of MMP-2, TIMP-1 and CD147 in myocardial tissue were assessed by western blot after the rats were sacrificed in Day 56th. Results: The contents of CD147 protein in myocardium of SHR group were reduced significantly (P<0.05) and the contents of MMP-2 were also reduced slightly compare with those in WKY group (P>0.05); The abundance of CD147 and MMP-2 protein in CD147 group was increased obviously (P<0.05), however, that of MMP-2 protein was reduced in CD147+DOX group after DOX intervention (P<0.05); The levels of TIMP-1 in the myocardium of three SHR groups, particularly in the CD147 group, were significantly higher than WKY group (P<0.05); The ratios of myocardium MMP-2/TIMP-1 in SHRs were less than WKYs obviously (P<0.05), but they were improved after CD147 intervention. LVWIs of SHR group were higher than WKY group (P<0.05), but they were downregulated obviously in CD147 group and CD147+DOX group (P<0.05). The myocardial biopsy showed that there were cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, some myocardial fibre rupture, myocyte dissolution and fuzzy myocardial fibre boundaries in SHR group . The cardiac structure was improved significantly after CD147 intervention, but it was surpressed when DOX administrated simultaneously. VG coloration sections were seen more abundant collagen fibers and higher CVF in the myocardiums of SHR group than those in WKY group (P<0.05). The contents of collagen fiber and the CVFs were decreased significantly after CD147 intervention (P<0.05). While, they were increased again in CD147+DOX group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The inhibition of CD147/MMP-2 pathway, the reduction of MMP-2 protein expression and the imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-1 may contribute to early ventricular remodeling in SHR. Appropriate myocardial CD147 protein upregulation may attenuate the process of early hypertensive ventricular remodeling. GW25-e1393Relationship between p...
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