This paper presents two techniques based on optical coherence tomography, the "focus tracking method" and the "optical path shifting method," for determining refractive index and thickness simultaneously, which are especially useful for bio tissues. From comparison of these two methods, it was found that the focus tracking method is suitable for in vivo measurement, but does not have high precision. The optical path shifting method is limited to in vitro measurement, but has high precision. Using the optical path shifting method, the refractive indices of cucumber were measured at the wavelength of 850 and 1300 nm.
A method for measuring the distributions of light in the biological tissue phantom Intralipid by use of an optical fiber is presented and measurements of distributions of light in Intralipid-10% suspensions at 650 nm are described. This approach is complementary to that in which an optical fiber with an isotropic tip detects the distribution of light in tissue phantoms. The characteristics of the distance-dependent intensity of scattering light in different directions were revealed by the experimental results; the effects of the optical parameters and of the radius of the incident beam on the distributions of light in tissue phantoms were given; and the experimental results were analyzed by the diffusion theory. These studies will help in further understanding of the scattering characteristics of tissue.
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