Beauty estimation is a common method for landscape quality estimation, although it has some limitations. With eye tracker, the visual behaviors of the subjects during the estimation can be recorded. Through the analyses of heat maps, path maps and eye movement data, the psychological changes of the subjects and the underlying law of beauty aesthetic can be understood, which will provide supplementation to beauty estimation. This paper studied the beauty estimation of urban waterfront parks and proofed that the landscape quality estimation method focussing on beauty estimation and assisted by eye movement tracking is feasible. It can improve the objectiveness and accuracy of landscape quality estimation to some extent and provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects and combination law of landscape characteristic elements.

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Two-dimensional carbon nanosheets codoped with N and P species have been successfully synthesized by a template carbonization method coupled with nitrogenization and phosphorylation processes using trisodium citrate dihydrate, melamine, and NH 4 H 2 PO 4 as C, N, and P sources, respectively. Dopants of N and P species play crucial roles in the determination of carbon porosities and electrochemical performance; notably, increasing the P content can lead to a decrease in the BET surface area together with a corresponding decrease in the electrochemical performance. For instance, regulating the mass ratio between the C source and the N and P sources to 2:1 results in the maximum BET surface area of 1340 m 2 g −1 , whereas a ratio of 1:2 results in a decreased value of only 47 m 2 g −1 . Moreover, the mass ratio of 1:1 results in superior electrochemical behaviors, with a maximum energy density that can reach up to 13.3 Wh kg −1 . The present synthesis method provides an alternative route for producing N-and P-containing carbon nanostructures with two-dimensional features, serving as excellent electrode materials for energy propagation and storage.

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The staying activity in shopping street has an inseparable relation with the spatial scale of the street. Neither too narrow nor too wide scale of street could bring a good walking experience to pedestrian, so it is especially important to find a suitable scale. Most of the researches are qualitative investigations related to human psychology, and few of them are about underground shopping street. This research made a quantitative investigation on the relationship between the spatial scale of underground shopping street and the staying activity there, defined the concept of staying activity coefficient to quantify the staying activity in shopping street, and used virtual reality experimental method to study the influence of spatial scale changes on the staying activity in shopping street. The research results show that the height and width of underground shopping street as well as the aspect ratio could significantly affect human activity in the pedestrian spaces of underground shopping street. Meanwhile, the most suitable scale of pedestrian spaces in underground street for people to have staying activity is also derived.

Reducing energy consumption and improving device efficiency are important ways to realize efficient heat dissipation of microdevices, this paper developed a new bionic fractal microchannel heat sink based on fractal theory and topological optimization ideas, which introduced a binary flow stagnation zone optimization based on topological optimization ideas on the basic fractal microchannel. The thermal and hydraulic properties of a nanofluid in a fractal microchannel heat sink (FMCHS) have been numerically simulated with the fractal dimensions (fd = 1, 1.5, and 2) and Reynolds number (Re = 200–1600) as variables, and the comprehensive performance has been analyzed. The results showed that the introduction of the optimization increases the central velocity of the microchannel by 7.14–18.2%. With fractal dimensions of 1.5 and 2, the flow improvement and velocity increase are significant, and a significant Nusselt number improvement is obtained. The best comprehensive performance is obtained for FMCHS with a fractal dimension of 1.5, with an optimization effect of 8.3%.

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