Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles during cancer occurrence and progression. The pseudogene-expressed lncRNA is one major type of lncRNA family. However, their association with cancers is largely unknown. In this study, we focused on small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) 1 pseudogene 3, SUMO1P3. Gastric cancer tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were collected from 96 patients with gastric cancer. The SUMO1P3 levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Then, the association between the level of SUMO1P3 in gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathological features of patients with gastric cancer was further analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed for differentiating patients with gastric cancer from patients with benign gastric diseases. The results showed that SUMO1P3 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with paired-adjacent nontumorous tissues (p < 0.01). Its expression level was significantly correlated with tumor size (p = 0.003), differentiation (p = 0.002), lymphatic metastasis (p = 0.001), and invasion (p = 0.039). The area under the ROC curve of SUMO1P3 was up to 0.666. These results indicated, for the first time, that pseudogene-expressed lncRNA SUMO1P3 may be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.
A mathematical model of a top blown converter, which was based on a physical model of a 30 t vessel, was developed in this study. A simplified model consisting of the converter was used in the mathematical simulation. With the simplified model, it is possible to run a large number of tracer calculations within a short time, compared to solving for the entire flow evolution each time. A cavity depth and radius comparison has been done between the physical model and the mathematical model, which showed a good relative difference of 2.5% and 6.1% for the cavity depth and radius, respectively. The velocity change in the bath of the converter was monitored by setting several monitoring points in the physical model. A fully developed flow field was assumed to occur when the fluctuations in these points were small or periodic. It took approximately 25 s to get a developed flow field. In addition, the predicted mixing time showed a good relative difference of 2.8% in comparison to the experimental data.
The present study involves physical and mathematical simulations to study the effect of gas bubbling curtains on the flow and temperature fields in a seven-strand tundish. In 1/3 scale tundish model experiments, RTD (Residence Time Distribution) curves were used to study the flow characteristics in the tundish with different configurations. The flow uniformity for all strands is evaluated through variance analysis of the RTD curves in different tundish cases. Besides, the tracer dispersion experiment was performed to visualize the fluid flow under the effect of the gas curtain. In order to investigate the effect of a gas curtain on the flow in the tundish, mathematical simulations were carried out mainly for two cases with or without gas bubbling curtains. The RTD curves were obtained from the species transport model. The results obtained show that gas bubbling curtains can help improve fluid flow characteristics in multistrand tundish, and that the location of the curtains plays a key role in optimizing multi-strand tundishes configuration. Gas bubbling curtains can decrease the differences in residence times and molten steel temperatures at different outlets in multi-strand tundishes effectively. Heat transfer between different areas is promoted and the temperature field is uniformed significantly in such tundishes.
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