Pediococcus pentosaceus LBM 18 has shown potential as producer of an antibacterial and antifungal bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS). BLIS inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Listeria genera with higher activity than Nisaplin used as control. It gave rise to inhibition halos with diameters from 9.70 to 20.00 mm, with Lactobacillus sakei being the most sensitive strain (13.50-20.00 mm). It also effectively suppressed the growth of fungi isolated from corn grain silage for up to 25 days and impaired morphology of colonies by likely affecting fungal membranes. these results point out that P. pentosaceus BLIS may be used as a new promising alternative to conventional antibacterial and antifungal substances, with potential applications in agriculture and food industry as a natural bio-controlling agent. Moreover, cytotoxicity and cell death induction tests demonstrated cytotoxicity and toxicity of BLiS to human colon adenocarcinoma caco-2cells but not to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with suggests possible applications of BLIS also in medical-pharmaceutical applications. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of well-distributed microorganisms in nature 1-3 having lactic acid as the major product of sugar fermentation 4,5. They are Gram-positive, non-pathogenic, non-sporulating, facultative anaerobic, catalase negative and acid tolerant bacteria with a strictly fermentative metabolism 3,6 , which are often used as industrial starter cultures in food fermentation technology 7,8. Their metabolic products are recognized as Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended by the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 9. This means that they can be safely used to preserve foods 10,11 , hence offering important benefits to the food industry 12. From the technology point of view, the most important genera of LAB are Aerococcus, Carnobacterium,
The growing demand of consumers for synthetic chemical-free foods has increased the search for natural preservatives such as bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) to give them adequate microbiological safety, sensory characteristics, and shelf life. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of BLIS produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 43200 was compared with that of nisin. Lactobacillus sakei ATCC 15521, Listeria seeligeri NCTC 11289, Enterococcus En2052 and En2865, and Listeria monocytogenes CECT 934 and NADC 2045 exhibited larger inhibition halos in BLIS-treated than in Nisaplin-treated samples, unlike Listeria innocua NCTC 11288. In artificially contaminated ready-to-eat pork ham, BLIS was effective in inhibiting the growth of L. seeligeri NCTC 11289 for 6 days (counts from 1.74 to 0.00 log CFU/g) and ensured lower weight loss (2.7%) and lipid peroxidation (0.63 mg MDA/kg) of samples compared with the control (3.0%; 1.25 mg MDA/kg). At the same time, coloration of ham samples in terms of luminosity, redness, and yellowness as well as discoloration throughout cold storage was not influenced by BLIS or Nisaplin taken as a control. These results suggest the potential use of P. pentosaceus BLIS as a biopreservative in meat and other food processing industries.
RESUMO O trabalho objetivou determinar a infl uência de intervalos de pastoreio rotativo sobre a morfogênese de cinco gramíneas nativas da região central do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), agrupadas segundo uma tipologia funcional, nas estações
Leaf tissue fluxes of five Pampa biome grasses (Andropogon lateralis, Aristida laevis, Axonopus affinis, Paspalum notatum and Paspalum plicatulum) were evaluated in a natural pasture under rotational stocking with heifers in the spring and summer from October 2010 to April 2011. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two grazing intervals, defined by thermal sums of 375 and 750 degree‐days, and the five grass species. The evaluated species had a higher growth flux and balance between the fluxes when subjected to a grazing interval of 750 degree‐days and a higher real efficiency of utilization when subjected to grazing interval of 375 degree‐days. Andropogon lateralis showed the highest growth, intake and senescence fluxes: 3·61, 2·37 and 3·04 kg DM ha−1 day−1 respectively. Aristida laevis had the lowest real efficiency of utilization.
Grasslands develop a multifunctional role to humanity, with unique fauna and flora, besides being the primary feed source for herbivores. However, grasslands are usually considered a low-efficiency production system, often converted into other land uses such as crops and forestation (e.g., south Brazil). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two rest intervals between grazing occupations in rotational grazing on the grazing behavior and feed intake of beef heifers. Two grazing intervals, 375 and 750 DD (degree-days) were used; based on the cumulative thermal sum necessary for the leaf expansion of native grasses of two functional groups. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized block design, with two treatments, three replications, and repeated measures over time. The grazing behavior was evaluated continuously for 18 hours (7 a.m. to 11h59 p.m.). Herbage intake was estimated using an external marker (Cr2O3) in four periods (one for each season). The green leaf mass was similar between treatments, with a mean of 40% of the pregrazing mass (kg DM ha-1). On average grazing, time was 50% of the period, and the bite rate was 38.7 bites min-1. The number of daily meals was 6.5, with an average of 84 minutes for each meal. The number of feeding times (feeding stations by minute) visited was 6.4. On average, there was a 2.23% difference in dry matter intake (% BW) among seasons. Neither ingestive behavior or forage consumption of heifers was affected by the treatments, both maintain similar chemical composition on natural grassland.
Animals in the concentrate feed system (CFS) presented better feed conversion than animals in pasture feed system (PFS). Animals from CFS took 77 days to reach 35kg whereas animals from PFS took 278 days. The ruminal pH was higher, and more adequate, in the PFS group than the CFS. The CFS lambs presented better quantitative characteristics, conformation and fat deposition. PFS provided leaner and more muscular carcasses in lambs than CFS.
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