Sorghum is a high-quality raw material for brewing white wine, and the starch content in seeds has a large impact on brewing quality. Transcriptomic data obtained from a glutinous variety (Liaonian3) and a non-glutinous variety (Liaoza10) at 3, 18, and 30 days after pollination were analyzed to identify genes associated with starch accumulation. The amylopectin content was significantly higher in Liaonian3 compared to Liaoza10, but the amylose content and total starch content were lower. There were 6634 differentially expressed genes found in Liaoza10 between 3 and 18 d after pollination, and 779 differentially expressed genes between 18 and 30 d after pollination. In Liaonian3, there were 6768 differentially expressed genes between 3 and 18 d after pollination, and 7630 differentially expressed genes between 18 and 30 d after pollination. Genes were grouped by expression profiles over the three time points and the profiles were analyzed for enrichment of gene ontology terms and biochemical pathways. Profile 1 (decreasing expression from 3 to 30 d) for Liaoza10 was enriched in ribosomes, metabolic pathways, and carbon metabolic pathways. Profile 0 (decreasing expression from 3 to 18 d and consistent expression from 18 to 30 d) was enriched in pathways related to sugar or starch metabolism. Although the starch accumulation rate in Liaonian3 and Liaoza10 showed a profile of increasing and then decreasing, the expression of genes related to starch synthesis gradually decreased with time since pollination, demonstrating the complexity of starch synthesis. According to orthologous gene alignment and expression analysis, 19 genes such as entrzID_8068390 and entrzID_8066807 were found to be the key genes for starch synthesis and glutinous and non-glutinous differentiation in sorghum grains.
The original sorghum division was completed in the 1980s. Since the 21st century, with the climate warming and the planting belt moving to the north, it is urgent to compile new sorghum divisions to adapt to the needs of the new era to prevent the adaptive risks brought by cross-regional planting of varieties.In view of the above problems, 20 representative varieties of various maturity periods cultivated by major national sorghum breeding units in recent years were selected in this experiment, and 59 ecological zones with different ecological characteristics were selected in the country. According to the characteristics of different pilot meteorological factors and variety trait performance characteristics, sorghum ecological zoning and quality zoning were conducted.The results show that 5 primary zones and 14 secondary ecological zones can be divided,Northwest spring sowing area, North China spring sowing area, northeast spring sowing area, southern area and northern spring and summer sowing area are the first-class ecological areas.Liaonian3 and Liaonuo11, Jinnuo3 and Liaoza19,Fengza4 and Liaoza37 are the dominant species to adapt to different ecological zones.North China spring sowing area and northeast spring sowing area for high starch, high capacity and heavy producing area, northeast spring sowing area and southern area for high tannin producing area.
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