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Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy is an effective and simple modality to treat palmar hyperhidrosis. However, all patients need to be warned of the common complications, particularly compensatory hyperhidrosis, before surgery.

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EpiLS was the only independent prognostic factor in regularly-treated hypertensive patients. Our results indicated that involvement of subepicardial myocardium may infer worse prognosis of hypertensive heart disease.

IMPORTANCE Volumetric measurements by transthoracic echocardiogram may better reflect left ventricular (LV) remodeling than conventional linear LV dimensions. However, the association of LV volumes with mortality in patients with chronic hemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation (AR) is unknown.OBJECTIVE To assess whether LV volumes and volume-derived LV ejection fraction (Vol-LVEF) are determinants of mortality in AR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cohort study included consecutive asymptomatic patients with chronic moderately severe to severe AR from a tertiary referral center (January 2004 through April 2019.EXPOSURES Clinical and echocardiographic data were analyzed retrospectively. Aortic regurgitation severity was graded by comprehensive integrated approach. De novo disk-summation method was used to derive LV volumes and Vol-LVEF. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURESAssociations between all-cause mortality under medical surveillance and the following LV indexes: linear LV end-systolic dimension index (LVESDi), linear LVEF, LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVi), and Vol-LVEF. RESULTSOf 492 asymptomatic patients (mean [SD] age, 60 [17] years; 425 men [86%]), ischemic heart disease prevalence was low (41 [9%]), and 453 (92.1%) had preserved linear LVEF (Ն50%) with mean (SD) LVESVi of 41 (15) mL/m 2 . At a median (interquartile range) of 5.4 (2.5-10.1) years, 66 patients (13.4%) died under medical surveillance; overall survival was not different than the age-and sex-matched general population (P = .55). Separate multivariate models, adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and AR severity, demonstrated that in addition to linear LVEF and LVESDi, LVESVi and Vol-LVEF were independently associated with mortality under surveillance (all P < .046) with similar C statistics (range, 0.83-0.84). Spline curves showed that continuous risks of death started to rise for both linear LVEF and Vol-LVEF less than 60%, LVESVi more than 40 to 45 mL/m 2 , and LVESDi above 21 to 22 mm/m 2 . As dichotomized variables, patients with LVESVi more than 45 mL/m 2 exhibited increased relative death risk (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.10-3.38; P = .02) while LVESDi more than 20 mm/m 2 did not (P = .32). LVESVi more than 45 mL/m 2 showed a decreased survival trend compared with expected population survival. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this large asymptomatic cohort of patients with hemodynamically significant AR, LVESVi and Vol-LVEF worked equally as well as LVESDi and linear LVEF in risk discriminating patients with excess mortality. A LVESVi threshold of 45 mL/m 2 or greater was significantly associated with an increased mortality risk.

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