The major topic covered in this paper is fabrication and performance study of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafine fibers from high-concentration solutions via a vibration-electrospinning technique. The influences of ultrasonic vibration on the solution properties of high viscous PAN solution as well as surface morphology and mechanical performance of PAN fibrous mats were investigated. The results indicated that: (1) the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the mechanical properties was significant; (2) the vibrorheological effects of ultrasonic vibration appeared not only in dramatic reduction of polymer viscosity, but also in improvement of the electrospinnability of polymer solutions; (3) fibers with smaller diameter, better uniformity and fewer surface defects were prepared with the application of vibration; and (4) the tensile strength of membranes was substantially enhanced at optimized vibration parameters comparing that without vibration treatment.
Weakness of electrospun nanofiber has impeded its industrial applications for a long period. Our studies reveal a promising solution to this problem by applying ultrasonic vibration to the polymer solutions during electrospinning. To well understand and control of this new technology, a mathematical model is much needed. During the vibration, heat and vibration induced by the ultrasonic energy will not only affect the rheological properties of the polymer solution and the energy balance of the electrospinning system, but play an important role on the current generated in the charged jet. Taking consideration of such impacts of ultrasonic vibration, governing equations for current, momentum and energy are derived, and a simplified model is also provided for practical applications.
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