No abstract

Although 1% atropine effectively slows myopia progression, it is associated with adverse effects, including photophobia, blurred near vision, and poor compliance. We investigated whether lower doses of atropine would control myopia progression. One hundred and eighty-six children, from 6 to 13 years of age, were treated each night with different concentrations of atropine eye drops or a control treatment for up to 2 years. The mean myopic progression in each of the groups was 0.04 +/-0.63 diopter per year (D/Y) in the 0.5% atropine group, 0.45+/-0.55 D/Y in the 0.25% atropine group, and 0.47+/-0.91 D/Y in the 0.1% atropine group. All atropine groups showed significantly less myopic progression than the control group (1.06+/-0.61 D/Y) (p<0.01). Our study also showed that 61% of students in the 0.5% atropine group, 49% in the 0.25% atropine group and 42% in the 0.1% atropine group had no myopic progression. However, 4% of children in the 0.5% atropine group, 17% in the 0.25% atropine group, and 33% in the 0.1% atropine group still had fast myopic progression (>-1.0 D/Y). In contrast, only 8% of the control group showed no myopic progression and 44% had fast myopic progression. These results suggest that all three concentrations of atropine had significant effects on controlling myopia; however, treatment with 0.5% atropine was the most effective.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: This randomized clinical trial assessed the treatment effects of atropine and/or multi-focal lenses in decreasing the progression rate of myopia in children. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven schoolchildren with myopia, aged from 6 to 13 years, who were stratified based on gender, age and the initial amount of myopia were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 0.5% atropine with multi-focal glasses, multi-focal glasses, and single vision spectacles. Each subject was followed for at least eighteen months. These results report on the 188 patients available for the follow-up.

In children born prematurely, the development of myopia is mainly influenced by anterior segment components, whereas hyperopia is mainly attributable to short AL. Astigmatism is primarily cornea-related. A combination of various optical components results in complicated refractive outcomes. The presence of ROP may be associated with significantly shorter ACD, thicker lens, and higher myopia and astigmatism. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01045616.).

Lens thinning appeared to be compensatory in nature with respect to the increased axial length of normal eye growth. Myopic eye growth induces the lens to compensate by becoming much thinner. The change in anterior chamber depth corresponded inversely with lens thickness.

Article de recherche Comment les enfants et adolescents avec le trouble déficit d'attention/hyperactivité (TDAH) vivent-ils le confinement durant la pandémie COVID-19 ?How do children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren over the past few decades and to analyze the risk factors for myopia.Design: Analysis of 8 consecutive population-based myopia surveys conducted from 1983 through 2017.Participants: An average of 8917 (5019e11 656) schoolchildren 3 to 18 years of age were selected using stratified systematic cluster sampling or by probability proportional to size sampling.Methods: All participants underwent complete ophthalmic evaluations. Three drops of 0.5% tropicamide were used to obtain the cycloplegic refractive status of each participant. Questionnaires were used to acquire participant data from the 1995, 2005, 2010, and 2016 surveys.Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalence of À0.25 diopter [D]) and high myopia ( À6.0 D) was assessed. Multivariate analyses of risk factors were conducted.Results: The prevalence of myopia among all age groups increased steadily. From 1983 through 2017, the weighted prevalence increased from 5.37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.50%e7.23%) to 25.41% (95% CI, 21.27%e29.55%) for 7-year-olds (P ¼ 0.001 for trend) and from 30.66% (95% CI, 26.89%e34.43%) to 76.67% (95% CI, 72.94%e80.40%) for 12-year-olds (P ¼ 0.001 for trend). The prevalence of high myopia also increased from 1.39% (95% CI, 0.43%e2.35%) to 4.26% (95% CI, 3.35%e5.17%) for 12-year-olds (P ¼ 0.008 for trend) and from 4.37% (95% CI, 2.91%e5.82%) to 15.36% (95% CI, 13.78%e16.94%) for 15-year-olds (P ¼ 0.039 for trend). In both the 2005 and 2016 survey samples, children who spent less than 180 minutes daily on near-work activities showed significantly lower risks for myopia developing (<60 minutes: odds ratio [OR], 0.48 and 0.56; 60e180 minutes: OR, 0.69 and 0.67). In the 2016 survey, spending more than 60 minutes daily on electronic devices was associated significantly with both myopia and high myopia (OR, 2.43 and 2.31).Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia among schoolchildren increased rapidly from 1983 through 2017 in Taiwan. The major risk factors are older age and time spent on near-work activities. Use of electronic devices increased the amount of time spent on near-work and may increase the risk of developing myopia.

Most schoolchildren had little or no astigmatism. In Taiwan, most astigmatism is <1 D and is myopic with-the-rule astigmatism. There was more myopic astigmatism and with-the-rule astigmatism in 2000 than in 1995.