The Prevalence of Astigmatism in Taiwan Schoolchildren

Shih, Yung‐Feng; Hsiao, Chuhsing Kate; Tung, Yi-Liang; Lin, Li-Chun; Chen, Chien-Jen; Hung, Por‐Tying

doi:10.1097/00006324-200402000-00007

Cited by 66 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As previously reported in other studies, 1,2,21 with-the-rule astigmatism was more common in myopes. 2,21 As in other studies, 2,21 againstthe-rule astigmatism was detected more commonly in mild (moderate) ammetropes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…This higher prevalence of against-the-rule astigmatism decreases with age and with-the-rule astigmatism becomes predominant in preschool and schoolage children. [1][2][3][4]20,32 An increase in the percentage of against-the-rule astigmatism occurs in adulthood and older ages. [5][6][7]17,18,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]33 The same pattern was detected in our population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,4,17 In addition, astigmatism increases the risk of developing refractive amblyopia in a child [1][2][3][4]17 and the outcome of amblyopia treatment is affected by the type of astigmatism. 18 The reported prevalence of astigmatism has been quite varied in different studies and was influenced by factors such as the age of the study populations, [1][2][3][4]19,20 ethnicity, 3,20,21 various definitions of astigmatism, and methods of refraction. 19 The risk factors of astigmatism have been evaluated in several epidemiological studies; some studies addressed physical factors influencing the presence of astigmatism and its types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The risk factors of astigmatism have been evaluated in several epidemiological studies; some studies addressed physical factors influencing the presence of astigmatism and its types. 1,2,21 Some other studies highlighted the demographic 1,5,22 and socioeconomic factors as risk factors for the presence of astigmatism, its types, and the magnitude or severity of astigmatism. The level of ametropia, spherical power and axial length 20,21 are some other risk factors for astigmatism and its severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Astigmatism and its Determinants in the Tehran Population: The Tehran Eye Study

Hashemi

Hatef

Fotouhi

et al. 2005

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Astigmatism and its Determinants in the Tehran Population: The Tehran Eye Study

Hashemi

Hatef

Fotouhi

et al. 2005

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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“…There are also few population-based studies of astigmatism in young children [7][8][9], and these have not reported on the components of astigmatism. The relationship between components of astigmatism has also been less well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of components of total astigmatism in infants and young children

Sayed

2016

Int Ophthalmol

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The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the contribution of corneal and lenticular components of total astigmatism (TA) in infants and young children and to determine whether there is any compensation for astigmatism by the lenticular component or not. The study was conducted on 614 eyes of 307 infants and young children. Cycloplegic refraction and keratometric measures using the Hand-held Autokeratometer (Nidek Co. Ltd., Hiroishi, Japan) were done for the study group under general anesthesia in Paediatric Ophthalmology Center, Sohag City, Egypt. We divided the sample into high astigmats (total cylinder ≥ 1.00 D; mean, 1.99 ± 0.89 D; n = 431 eyes; 70 %) and normal astigmats (total cylinder ≤ 0.75 D; mean, 0.55 ± 0.22 D; n = 183; 30 %). The prevalence of corneal astigmatism (CA) ≥ 1.00 D was (73 %), any degree of lenticular astigmatism (LA) was (85 %), (LA > 0.25 D = 72 %) TA was predominantly with the rule (n = 499 eyes, 81 %). Eyes with against the rule astigmatism were (n = 33 eyes, 5.3 %) and eyes with oblique astigmatism were (n = 82 eyes; 13.3 %). Gender or age differences in TA, CA, LA, or type of astigmatism were not significant. The prevalence of astigmatism found in this population of newlyborn infants and young children was relatively high, primarily corneal, and WTR astigmatism with high prevalence of oblique astigmatism. LA was much less than previous reports (mean = -0.0044 D), associated with more hyperopic eyes and eyes with high TA. The data suggest that a compensatory process exists between CA and LA to decrease the amount of TA.

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Ophthalmologic diagnoses in youths with autism spectrum disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates

Wu,

Tsai,

Chen

et al. 2023

Autism Research

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a high prevalence of visual dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus, as well as their clinical correlates in ASD. This population‐based matched‐cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 3,551 youths with ASD and 35,510 non‐autistic control participants matched by age and sex were included. All the participants were followed‐up until they were 18 years old. The prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus was compared between the ASD and control groups. Effect modifiers, including sex, ASD subgroup, and co‐diagnosis of intelligence disability, were examined. Compared to the control group, youths with ASD had a significantly increased risk of amblyopia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.75), anisometropia (aOR = 1.66), astigmatism (aOR = 1.51), hypermetropia (aOR = 2.08), exotropia (aOR = 2.86), and esotropia (aOR = 2.63), but a comparable likelihood of myopia according to age. Males with ASD had a significantly lower likelihood of exotropia, but a higher likelihood of myopia than females with ASD. The autism subgroup had a higher OR for hypermetropia, but a lower OR for myopia than the other ASD subgroups. ASD youths with intelligence disabilities demonstrated significantly higher ORs for amblyopia, hypermetropia, and all types of strabismus and lower OR for myopia than those without intelligence disabilities. In conclusion, the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus were higher in youths with ASD. Ocular abnormalities in youths with ASD require a comprehensive assessment and management.

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The Prevalence of Astigmatism in Taiwan Schoolchildren

Abstract: Most schoolchildren had little or no astigmatism. In Taiwan, most astigmatism is <1 D and is myopic with-the-rule astigmatism. There was more myopic astigmatism and with-the-rule astigmatism in 2000 than in 1995.

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

Astigmatism and its Determinants in the Tehran Population: The Tehran Eye Study

Astigmatism and its Determinants in the Tehran Population: The Tehran Eye Study

Analysis of components of total astigmatism in infants and young children

Ophthalmologic diagnoses in youths with autism spectrum disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates

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