THE TERM GROWL TYPICALLY REFERS TO LOW-PITCHED,rough sounds uttered by animals. Humans occasionally use growl-like voices to express excessive emotions. Acoustically characterized by loud dynamics and low values of the harmonic-to-noise ratio, growl-like sounds usually express anger and excitement associated with aggression. We propose a biomechanical model relating the aggressive characteristic of the growl-like timbre to the motor mechanisms underlying growl production in humans, highlighting how an abdominal muscle contraction enhances spine stability, which plays a critical role in physical attacks. This model was supported by the experimental data of activation of the deepest abdominal muscle during resting, singing, and growling. We found a significant positive correlation between the abdominal muscle activity associated with producing voice and the perceived aggressiveness intensity of voice. The cognition of growl-like sounds is discussed from the perspectives of biomechanics, evolutionary biology, and cognitive science.

An alkoxy-substituted 1,3-indanedione-based chemodosimeter 1 with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic was rationally designed and synthesized for the ultrasensitive and selective sensing of cyanide in a wide pH range of 3.0−12.0. The nucleophilic addition of cyanide to the β-conjugated carbon of the 1,3-indanedione group obstructs intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and causes a significant change in the absorption and fluorescence spectra, enabling colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent detection of cyanide in a 90% aqueous solution. The cyanide-sensing mechanism is supported by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analysis, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, and 1 H NMR titration experiments. Sensor 1 exhibits strong yellow fluorescence in the solid state due to the AIE effect, and the paper probes containing 1 can be conveniently used to sense cyanide by the naked eye. Furthermore, chemodosimeter 1 was successfully used for sensing cyanide in real environmental water samples.

Routine or immediate antibiotic therapy for acute exudative tonsillitis in children is not necessary.

Pneumonia should be considered in pediatric patients with influenza B virus infection presenting with younger age, higher white blood cell count, lower hemoglobin, and higher C-reactive protein level. The CXR findings were varied. Patients with pleural effusion and positive bacterial culture may have more severity of clinical outcome.

Serum ceruloplasmin and 24-hour urinary copper examinations could be used to rule out WD in children with chronic hepatitis and hemolytic anemia. Gene analysis is helpful for prompt diagnosis of asymptomatic siblings and patients with atypical features. Zinc treatment is generally safe in pediatric patients with WD. However, its adverse effects should be monitored.