Influenza B Virus-associated Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Features, Laboratory Data, and Chest X-ray Findings

Liu, Chiyu; Wang, Jiaan-Der; Yu, Jen-Ta; Wang, Li-Ching; Lin, Ming-Chih; Lee, Hsiu-Fen; Chen, Po‐Yen; Hsieh, Hsin-Yang; Wang, Po-Yu

doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.07.002

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…6 Similar results were observed in a study from Taiwan were the incidence of IBV associated pneumonia was 18.4%. 7 The median age of IBV infection in our study was 5.85 years which is consistent with other studies across the globe where the reported incidence is highest among pre school and school going children. 9 Apart from respiratory symptoms, IBV is also known to cause gastro intestinal symptoms,7 encephalitis,10 seizures,10 myocarditis,11 musculoskeletal involvement including arthritis and myalgia.12 In our study we observed that 10/11 (90%) children with pneumonia had vomiting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Oseltamivir therapy is recommended within 48 hours of the onset of fl ulike symptoms in children at high risk of developing complications due to infl uenza viral infections and empirical anti viral prophylaxis should be administered to close contacts. 7 None of our children in the high risk category were vaccinated against infl uenza indicating low awareness among the general population and low coverage of the vaccine. Our study was limited due to the small sample size and we focussed mainly on viral aetiology since it is understudied in our region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Chest x-ray fi ndings among children with pneumonia in our study showed predominantly perihilar involvement whereas a study from Taiwan has reported varied fi ndings of alveolar consolidation, interstitial infi ltration and ground glass opacities. 7 Only three children in our study required PICU admission and oxygen supplementation. All children with confi rmed IBV infection were treated with oseltamivir and defervescence was seen within a median duration of 24 hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Our study has also described the seasonal trend in IBV infection in southern part of India.The importance of Infl uenza B virus infection in causing signifi cant morbidity and mortality has been highlighted recently by few studies whereas in the past IBV was considered less virulent than IAV. 7 The data on clinical spectrum of IBV infection from India is limited. Infl uenza virus B should be tested in high risk category including immunocompromised patients, chronic medical conditions like asthma and heart failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectrum of Influenza B Viral Infection in Indian Children: A Tertiary Centre Experience

Kini

Ramesh

Handattu

et al. 2018

J. Nepal Paedtr. Soc.

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Introduction: Influenza viral infection in children can range from subclinical illness to multi system involvement. The morbidity associated with influenza B viral infection is often overlooked. India being the second most populous country, accounts for 20% of global childhood deaths from respiratory infections. There is paucity of data on the clinical features and complications of influenza B viral infections in children from the Indian subcontinent. Our objective was to study the clinical profile, seasonality, complications and outcome associated with Influenza B viral infection in children < 18 years of age. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Children less than 18 years of age admitted to our paediatric unit were included in the study. We reviewed the case sheets of 56 patients who tested positive for influenza B virus during the study period and recorded their clinical and laboratory data. Throat swab obtained from cases were tested by RT-PCR. The illness was classified as upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia and severe pneumonia. Outcome measures analysed were- mortality, need for oxygen supplementation or assisted ventilation, duration of oxygen support, duration of ICU/ hospital stay and time for defervescence following initiation of oseltamivir therapy. Results: The mean age of the study population was 6.98 years. Majority of the affected children were > 5 years of age in the school going category with a male to female ratio of 3:2. The diagnosis based on clinical and radiological findings included upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in 44 (78.5%) cases followed by pneumonia in 11(19.6%) and severe pneumonia in one (1.7%) child. The peak incidence was in the month of March. Malnutrition was the most common risk factor affecting 22 (39.3%) cases followed by history of asthma in eight (14.3%). Three children required oxygen supplementation at admission. The median duration of hospital stay was seven days. The median duration for defervescence following initiation of oseltamivir therapy was 24 hours. Mortality was recorded in one infant who died of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusions: Influenza B virus should be screened in all children having underlying high risk medical condition, presenting with pneumonia or upper respiratory tract infection. Oseltamivir therapy should be initiated early in the management of influenza B viral infections to prevent complications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spectrum of Influenza B Viral Infection in Indian Children: A Tertiary Centre Experience

Kini

Ramesh

Handattu

et al. 2018

J. Nepal Paedtr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is some overlap in the imaging presentation of COVID-19 and other entities, including infections (Influenza A, Influenza B, or Mycoplasma Pneumonia), inflammatory processes (e-cigarette vaping associated lung injury (EVALI) or hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)), and eosinophilic lung disease in the pediatric population, and therefore a low COVID-19 prevalence could lead to false positive results. 13,14,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Second, introducing the term COVID-19 pneumonia into the patient's clinical record may cause ordering physicians to feel constrained in future clinical decision making. Open and careful discussion with the referring doctor concerning the level of clinical suspicion for COVID-19 should help mitigate these issues.…”

Section: N P R E S S Considerations For Standardized Reporting Of Imentioning

confidence: 99%

International Expert Consensus Statement on Chest Imaging in Pediatric COVID-19 Patient Management: Imaging Findings, Imaging Study Reporting, and Imaging Study Recommendations

Foust

Phillips

Chu

et al. 2020

Radiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging

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164

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Image‐based deep learning in diagnosing the etiology of pneumonia on pediatric chest X‐rays

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Purpose Comparing the efficacy of a deep‐learning model in classifying the etiology of pneumonia on pediatric chest X‐rays (CXRs) with that of human readers. Methods We built a clinical‐pediatric CXR set containing 4035 patients to exploit a deep‐learning model called Resnet‐50 for differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia. The dataset was split into training (80%) and validation (20%). Model performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) on the first test set of 400 CXRs collected from different studies. For the second test set composed of 100 independent examinations obtained from the daily clinical practice at our institution, the kappa coefficient was selected to measure the interrater agreement in a pairwise fashion for the reference standard, all reviewers, and the model. Gradient‐weighted class activation mapping was used to visualize the significant areas contributing to the model prediction. Results On the first test set, the best‐performing classifier achieved an AUC of 0.919 (p < .001), with a sensitivity of 79.0% and specificity of 88.9%. On the second test set, the classifier achieved performance similar to that of human experts, which resulted in a sensitivity of 74.3% and specificity of 90.8%, positive and negative likelihood ratios of 8.1 and 0.3, respectively. Contingence tables and kappa values further revealed that expert reviewers and model reached substantial agreements on differentiating the etiology of pediatric pneumonia. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the model performed similarly as human reviewers and recognized the regions of pathology on CXRs.

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Influenza B Virus-associated Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients: Clinical Features, Laboratory Data, and Chest X-ray Findings

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Spectrum of Influenza B Viral Infection in Indian Children: A Tertiary Centre Experience

Spectrum of Influenza B Viral Infection in Indian Children: A Tertiary Centre Experience

International Expert Consensus Statement on Chest Imaging in Pediatric COVID-19 Patient Management: Imaging Findings, Imaging Study Reporting, and Imaging Study Recommendations

Image‐based deep learning in diagnosing the etiology of pneumonia on pediatric chest X‐rays

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