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The distribution of Candida species in candidemia was changed. Although C. albicans remained the major species, the isolation of non-C. albicans spp., especially C. glabrata, increased. Patients with candidemia still had high mortalities due to severity of illness and underlying conditions.

Filipina nurses represent the majority of all internationally educated nurses recruited to work in the US. Although the hiring of Filipina nurses is not a new practice in US hospitals, very few studies have detailed how these nurses have adjusted to US nursing practices. This study examines how Filipina nurses transition into their role as nurses and adapt to nursing practice in the US. Following a qualitative approach, 31 Filipina nurses were interviewed as participants. The data were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim, using the method of constant comparison. Analysis revealed that transitioning from Philippine to US nursing practice formed the basis of the social adaptation process, which occurred in three stages: pre-arrival, early adaptation, and late adaptation. Participant-recommended strategies to address adaptation needs experienced at each of these stages are shared. All participants experienced challenges while adjusting to the US healthcare system and cultural landscape.

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Background: Acinetobacter baumannii complex (A. baumannii) has been isolated worldwide. The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii complex (MDRAB) in clinical settings has made choosing an appropriate antibiotic to treat these infections and executing contact precautions difficult for clinicians. Although controlling the transmission of MDRAB is a high priority for institutions, there is little information about MDRAB control. Therefore, this study evaluated infection control measures for A. baumannii infections, clusters and outbreaks in the literature. Methods: We performed a review of OVID Medline (from 1980 to 2015), and analyzed the literature. Results: We propose that both infection control programs and antibiotic control programs are essential for control of MDRAB. The first, effective control of MDRAB infections, requires compliance with a series of infection control methods including strict environmental cleaning, effective sterilization of reusable medical equipment, concentration on proper hand hygiene practices, and use of contact precautions, together with appropriate administrative guidance. The second strategy, effective antibiotic control programs to decrease A. baumannii, is also of paramount importance. Conclusion: We believe that both infection control programs and antibiotics stewardship programs are essential for control of MDRAB infections.