A Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry method for the determination of six phthalates which are banned by European Union Regulation and USA CPSIA, in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) toys is studied in this article. The samples were extracted in six hours by Soxhlet extractor when using dichloromethane as the extracting agent, researched by orthogonal experiment. Using TIC (total ion chromatogram) and SIM (select ion monitor) of GC-MS to achieve phthalate's qualitative and quantitative determination, of which detection limit, accuracy and operating procedure are better than the standards in EN 14372:2004 clause 6.3.2 and ASTM D7083-04.
Bath-type ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) has been developed as one of the most important sample pretreatment methods, especially for batch-sample pretreatment. So far, however, requirements for the performance of bath-type UAE equipment have not been standardized, nor has a suitable evaluation method that can be used to judge the feasibility of ultrasonic equipment for extraction been presented in the available regulations or standards. A simple and efficient method that can be used to evaluate the performance of bath-type UAE equipment is necessary to be proposed and established. First, distribution of a sound field in ultrasonic equipment was measured by acoustimeter and the dyeing method, through which influencing factors including frequency, preheating time, and output power of the equipment, as well as the horizontal and vertical position for locating the sample in the equipment, were investigated, and optimized parameters for extraction were achieved. Then, through the aluminum foil lattice method, by calculating the perforated rate of the aluminum foil, cavitation intensity of the ultrasonic equipment can be quantitatively determined. With the optimized working conditions and by selecting appropriate parameters for the aluminum foil, perforated holes formed on the foil displayed a good pattern. Further validation experiments indicated conformity between the established method and the actual extraction effect of the ultrasonic equipment, proposing a suitable requirement for the cavitation effect of the bath-type UAE equipment. The aluminum foil lattice method has been proved to be simple, convenient, inexpensive, and reliable for quickly evaluating the extraction performance of bath-type UAE equipment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.