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Local chicken populations in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey have been intensively affected by governmental poultry culling due to avian influenza outbreak risks. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of indigenous chicken populations raised in the Central Black Sea Region in order to assess genetic structures of these populations and to determine genetic relationships between the study populations and certain commercial chicken genotypes. Genotypic diversity of 45 Turkish village chicken populations located in 5 provinces in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey and 2 commercial hybrid populations were compared using 28 autosomal microsatellite loci. In total, 363 alleles were observed within 47 populations in 28 microsatellite loci. These loci showed 12.96 ± 4.97 alleles per locus and the mean number of alleles per population was 2.33 ± 0.19. The most polymorphic locus was LEI0234 with 28 alleles and 0.944 polymorphism information content (PIC) value. The least polymorphic locus was LEI0192 with 6 alleles and 0.720 PIC value. The results suggested that despite the extensive culling the studied local chicken populations showed a high genetic diversity compared to commercial hybrid populations.

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Abstract. The Karayaka is the most populous sheep breed in the Black Sea region of Turkey. In the present study, we investigated the intra- and inter-population genetic relationships among indigenous Karayaka sheep subpopulations. Nine microsatellites were genotyped for 64 individuals from Samsun, Ordu, Giresun and Tokat provinces. The average number of alleles (Na), allelic richness (Ar), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphism information content (PIC) and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) for all subpopulations were estimated as Na=16.44, Ar=9.887, Ho=0.303, He=0.886, PIC=0.866 and FIS=0.630, respectively. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.171 (Giresun) to 0.376 (Ordu) and 0.757 (Samsun) to 0.845 (Ordu), respectively. It was determined that a 10.5 % of total genetic variation (FIT=66.9 %) in Karayaka sheep corresponded to genetic differences among subpopulations (FST), whereas 63.0 % was explained by genetic difference among individuals (FIS). This study gives the first evidence about genetic relationships of Karayaka subpopulations. The results show that Karayaka sheep subpopulations are genetically different from each other. These findings revealed that the Karayaka breed has discrete subpopulations and should be taken into consideration when preparing conservation programs and future breeding strategies.