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Microplastics are one of the major pollution problems of nowadays, have been found in both marine environments and various fish species worldwide. In this study, the presence of microplastics in digestive systems and gills of 6 species from the Scombridae family on the coast of Karachi in Pakistan was investigated. A total of 336 fish were examined for the presence of microplastic in gills and digestive systems. Microplastics were detected in digestive systems and gills in 11.11%-19.51% and 58.62%-85.71% of total individuals, respectively. The amount of microplastic varied from 0.19 to 1.12 items.ind-1 in digestive system and 1.5 to 7.04 items.ind-1 in gill. Fibre was dominant both gills (98.67-99.17%) and digestive systems (100%). More extensive and further investigations are needed on microplastic contamination of the biota on Pakistan coast.

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Carbon (C) cycling is being influenced by global climate change, which is altering the primary productivity and the rate at which carbon is fixed, released and stored in vegetation systems on Earth. Carbon sequestration is recognised as the storing of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other kinds of carbon for a long time. A selective atmospheric carbon-based anthropic enrichment causes an environmental catastrophe, which necessitates methods of mitigation. Algal primary production (which includes cyanobacterial algae, microalgal, and macroalgal) is a key pathway for C biosequestration in the ocean. Many scientists and environmental professionals are concerned about the rise in global temperatures and climate change. Increased quantity of carbon that can be absorbed from the atmosphere by exploiting the ability of plants, particularly seaweed, to use CO2 in process of photosynthesis is one of the key solutions being given to prevent the earth’s rising temperature at a faster rate. The ability of ocean plants to act as a carbon sink from anthropogenic sources (also recognised as “Blue Carbon”) has piqued people’s interest. Marine primary producers are responsible for at least half of the earth’s carbon uptake and up to 71 percent of all C storing. Seaweeds have important roles in the elemental cycles of coastal ecosystems, mostly through the export of organic matter to neighbouring communities and the accumulation of carbon and nutrients in the sediment.