The effects of laundering and laundering temperatures on surface properties and dimensional stability are investigated for plain flat knit silk, cotton, and polyester fabrics with varying cover factors. The fabrics are subjected to relaxation processes and an extended series of wash and tumble-dry cycles in laundering baths of various tempera tures. Dimensions, surface friction, and roughness of the fabrics are measured in every process. Changes in dimensional stability and surface properties with relaxation processes and laundering temperatures are clarified. Relations between frictional motion and struc tural parameters are also discussed. The results reveal that the dimensional stability of silk is sensitive to a particular temperature. The highest shrinkage is recorded with slackly knitted cotton at the highest temperature. There is a considerable effect of wet relaxation on dimensional stability as well as surface properties. Silk's coefficient of friction is the highest, and the lowest surface friction for cotton occurs at the highest temperature. Slackly knitted fabrics also show higher friction than tightly knitted fabrics. The coeffi cient of friction has a tendency to decrease with increasing tightness, while the surface roughness shows an opposite tendency. There is a good correlation between stick-slip motion and ribs on the fabrics.
Deformation by laundering is investigated for single jersey and 1 × 1 rib flat knit silk and cotton fabrics with yams of varying linear densities and fabric tightness. The fabrics are subjected to relaxation processes and an extended series of wash and tumble- dry cycles. Changes in dimensions are measured in every process and cycle. Statistical analyses of the experimental data reveal the effect of yam type as well as linear density and tightness factor on the linear and area shrinkage behavior of silk as compared to cotton. Cotton shrinks more than silk, and silk rib knits stretch excessively in width. Silk attains full relaxation after one laundering cycle. Microscopic views reveal the appearance of ball-like formations along silk fibers after repeated laundering. It is possible to predict fabric dimensional changes with wet relaxation as well as with laundering, especially in silk.
This work investigates the changes in bending properties in laundering of plain weft-knit silk fabrics, as compared with cotton and polyester. The effects of variations of linear density and stitch density of fabric samples on bending properties due to repeated laundering are examined. It is shown that both bending rigidity and hysteresis of the various yarns show different behaviour of the fibres in laundering. Silk is characterized by higher flexibility for bending in both principal directions than cotton and polyester, in laundering. Differences between technical face and technical back bending are also shown. Linear density of silk yarns affects bending rigidity more than cotton.
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