VIIMalondialdeído e troponina I cardíaca em equinos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe submetidos ao exercício e à suplementação com vitamina E

II Marcadores cardíacos na medicina veterinária

Acute stress induced by physical restraint can interfere with the validity of laboratory findings. Sedation could minimize such stress. However, it is not known whether sedation can affect hematologic and hemostatic parameters in cats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hematologic and hemostatic parameters in domestic cats subjected to physical restraint in addition to one of two sedation protocols. In total, 50 cats were subjected to physical restraint and were then randomly divided into two groups of 25 animals, receiving dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) and butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg; DB group) or dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg), butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg; DBK group). The cats were assessed for acute stress, sedation level, onset of sedation and duration of sedation. Blood samples were collected after handling and after sedation. The complete blood count (CBC), platelet count, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), whole-blood clotting time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) were determined for each sample, before and after chemical restraint. No statistically significant differences were found in the hematologic parameters. Certain hemostatic parameters (PT, aPTT and TT) were higher in the DB group (P <0.05). The onset of sedation was similar in the two groups, and the duration of sedation was longer in the DBK group. Both sedation protocols were effective for short-duration chemical restraint for blood collection from the studied cats, and no clinically relevant effects on hematologic or hemostatic parameters were detected.

No abstract

Avaliou-se o efeito do exercício físico, treinamento e suplementação com vitamina E sobre os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos, utilizando oito éguas da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, sem treinamento prévio, distribuídos em dois grupos: controle (n=4) e suplementado com vitamina E (n=4) na dose diária de 1.000 UI. Os animais foram submetidos a uma prova de exercício progressivo (P1) em esteira de alta velocidade inclinada a +7%, em seguida a um período de treinamento de 20 dias e posteriormente uma nova prova de exercício progressivo (P2). Realizouse a análise e interpretação dos traçados eletrocardiográficos quanto ao ritmo, frequência cardíaca, duração e amplitude das ondas e intervalos, antes, imediatamente após e 30 min após o exercício progressivo. Observou-se uma diminuição da frequência cardíaca de repouso após o treinamento. Não houve efeito da suplementação com vitamina E sobre os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos. Os resultados indicaram que o eletrocardiograma foi eficiente na detecção das alterações cardíacas promovidas pelo exercício físico, mas necessita-se de mais estudos para elucidar o seu significado clínico. Palavras-chave: antioxidante; cavalo; eletrocardiograma; exercício físico A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT TThe effect of physical exercise, training and vitamin E supplementation on electrocardiographic parameters was evaluated in eight untrained Arabian mares, divided into two groups: control (n=4) and supplemented with vitamin E (n=4) at the daily dose of 1.000 UI. Animals were submitted to an incremental exercise test (P1) on high-speed treadmill inclined +7%, after that to a training period of 20 days and later to a new incremental exercise test (P2). Analysis and interpretation of electrocardiographic tracings were performed regarding the rhythm, heart rate, duration and amplitude of waves and intervals, before, immediately after and 30 min after the incremental exercise. A reduction of the rest heart rate was observed after training. There was no effect of vitamin E supplementation on electrocardiographic parameters. Results indicated that the electrocardiogram was efficient in detention of cardiac alterations promoted by the physical exercise, but more studies are needed to elucidate its clinical meaning.

Accidents caused by insects of the Hymenoptera are rarely described in large animals. The attacks caused by honeybee (Apis mellifera) may cause severe consequences and its intensity changes according to the number of stings. Local and systemic reactions can occur, including progression to death. This report describes a case of honeybee attack on an equine, which took place in the city of Lages, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In the clinical assessment the horse showed apathy, anorexia, head and pectoral edemas, dyspnea, icteric mucosa, increased mandibular lymph nodes and darkened urine. The blood count showed anemia and serum biochemical tests suggested, muscular and hepatic lesions. The urinalysis test indicated hemoglobinuria and increased clotting time. Treatment included lactate Ringer’s solution fluid therapy, furosemide, promethazine, corticosteroids and 20% mannitol solution. Hot and cold compresses were applied alternately on areas with edema. There was a satisfactory response to treatment and the animal was discharged after 30 days in veterinary hospital. The description of honeybee sting accidents in large animals is important because of the evolution that can lead to death. The early approach associated with appropriate treatment, avoiding the worsening of the lesions is fundamental for the recovery of the patient.

Endereço para correspondência: Marcos Jun Watanabe: watanabe@fmvz.unesp.br R RE ES SU UM MO ONo presente estudo avaliou-se a troca gasosa respiratória pela mensuração do consumo de oxigênio (VO2), dióxido de carbono produzido (VCO 2 ) e quociente respiratório (R), e determinou-se o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO 2 max) de cavalos da raça Árabe durante o teste padrão de exercício progressivo em esteira de alta velocidade. Seis equinos adultos da raça Árabe, clinicamente hígidos foram submetidos ao teste em esteira com inclinação de 6%, o qual consistiu da velocidade inicial de 1,8 m/s por 5 minutos, a 4 m/s por 3 minutos, a 6 m/s por 2 minutos e fases a 8 m/s, 9 m/s, 10 m/s e 11 m/s por 1 minuto cada, de modo que a manta da esteira foi parada quando os cavalos não conseguiram acompanhar a velocidade da mesma. A troca gasosa foi monitorada por meio da máscara de análise de gases respiratórios para equinos, nos últimos 10 segundos finais de cada mudança de velocidade e a 1, 2 e 3 minutos após o término do exercício. Durante o exercício há elevação do VO 2 e VCO 2 com relação linear conforme a intensidade de exercício. O VO 2 max dos cavalos da raça Árabe é de 114,9 mL/kg/min. O quociente respiratório eleva-se para valores maiores que 1,0 a partir da velocidade de 9,0 m/s, indicando o predomínio do metabolismo anaeróbico, e mantêm-se ainda elevado no período pós-exercício.Palavras-chave: consumo de oxigênio, equino, metabolismo, quociente respiratório, sistema respiratório A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT TThe current study evaluated equine gas exchange responses through spirometry, by measuring oxygen uptake (VO 2 ), carbon dioxide production (VCO 2 ), respiratory exchange ratio (R) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) of Arabian horses during a standard incremental exercise test performed on a high-speed treadmill. Six clinically healthy Arabian horses were submitted to a standard incremental exercise test, performed on a high-speed treadmill at a 6% slope, and initial speed of 1,8 m.s-1 for 5 minutes, then 4,0 m.s-1 for 3 minutes, 6,0 m.s-1 for 2 minutes and 8,0 m.s-1, 9,0 m.s-1, 10,0 m.s-1 and 11,0 m.s-1 for one minute for each of these speed. The end of the exercise test was defined as the point in which the horse was no longer able to keep pace with the treadmill. Gas exchange was measured through respiratory analyses horse mask on the last 10 seconds at the end of each speed transition and at 1, 2 and 3 minutes after the end of the exercise, defined as experiment moments. During exercise, it was noticed an increase on both VO 2 and VCO 2 with linear relationship between exercise and speed. Arabian horses VO 2 max was 114,9 mL.kg-1.min-1. The respiratory exchange ratio increased over 1,0 by the speed of 9,0 m.s-1, indicating the preponderance of the anaerobic metabolism, and remains at a high level on the post-exercise period.

RESUMO:O presente estudo objetivou estabelecer um padrão eletrocardiográfico para bovinos da raça Jersey. Para isso, foram realizados eletrocardiogramas de 50 novilhas da raça Jersey com idade média de dois anos e peso médio de 263,8 ± 41,2 kg. Os traçados eletrocardiográficos foram obtidos utilizando-se a técnica de derivação de membros ou plano frontal, para avaliação do ritmo, eixo elétrico, frequência cardíaca, mensuração da duração e amplitude de ondas e intervalos, bem como avaliar a morfologia das ondas. O ritmo cardíaco encontrado em todos os animais foi o ritmo sinusal. A maioria dos animais (72%) apresentou eixo elétrico no intervalo de +120º a +180º. A frequência cardíaca média foi de 79,2 ± 8,9 batimentos por minuto. A onda P apresentou duração média de 0,06 ± 0,02 s e amplitude de 0,08 ± 0,05mV. Na maioria dos animais (82%), a morfologia encontrada foi única positiva, ao passo que em 18% das novilhas encontrou-se onda P bífida. O intervalo PR apresentou duração de 0,18 ± 0,03 s. O complexo QRS teve duração de 0,11 ± 0,02 s, a onda Q teve amplitude de 0,24 ± 0,18 mV, a onda R, de 0,18 ± 0,11 mV, enquanto que a onda S geralmente esteve ausente. A onda T esteve presente, porém variou bastante, tanto em duração, amplitude e morfologia. A duração média do intervalo QT foi de 0,36 ± 0,04 s. Assim, pôde-se concluir que a técnica de derivação de membros é fácil de ser executada e adequada para a raça, o que garantiu a padronização dos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos para a raça Jersey. Palavras-chave: bovino; coração; eletrocardiograma ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF JERSEY HEIFERSABSTRACT: This study aimed to establish standard parameters of electrocardiogram (ECG) in fifty Jersey heifers aged two years and weighing 263.8 ± 41.2 kg. ECG tracings were recorded with standardized body and limb positions for evaluation of rhythm, electric axis, heart rate, duration and amplitude of waves and intervals, and morphology of waves. Rhythm found was sinus rhythm in all animals. Most of heifers (72%) had electric axis between +120º to +180º. Mean heart rate was 79.2 ± 8.9 beats per minute. The P-wave had mean duration of 0.06 ± 0.02 s and amplitude of 0.08 ± 0.05 mV. P-wave patterns found was positive single (82%) and bifid (18%). The PR interval was 0.18 ± 0.03 s; the QRS complex was 0.11 ± 0.02 s; the Q-wave was 0.24 ± 0.18 mV; the R-wave was 0.18 ± 0.11 mV and the S-wave was not seen in ECG tracings. The T-wave had several patterns and variable duration and amplitude. QT interval was 0.36 ± 0.04 s. In conclusion, the standardized body and limb positions technique is easy and appropriate for Jersey breed, which ensured the standardization of electrocardiographic parameters.