ABSTRACT. The essential oil compositions of Gladiolus candidus, Ranunculus multifidus, Artemisia abyssinica and Crinum abyscinicum were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The principal components in the leaves, stems and rhizomes of G. candidus were eudesmol, 1-naphthalenepropanol and oleic acid, respectively. α-Terpineol, alloocimene and p-menth-2-en-1-ol from leaves, bulbs and roots were respectively the major constituents of C. abyscinicum. The aerial part of R. multifidus furnished p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol. Linalool and terpinenol were identified as the major constituents of A. abyssinica. The essential oils were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. Essential oil from leaves of G. candidus displayed zone of inhibition (IZ) of 15.1±0.3 and 16.7±0.9 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Leaves essential oil of C. abyscinicum exhibited IZ of 17.9±1.1 and 15.6±1.1 mm against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively, whereas essential oil from aerial part of R. multifidus displayed IZ of 18.8±0.8 and 19.4±0.6 mm against S. aureus and S. pyogens, respectively. At the same concentration, ceftriaxone showed IZ of 15.1±0.1, 16.2±0.8, 14.3±0.9 and 16.1±2.5mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. pyogens, respectively. The findings presented herein support the ethnobotanical uses of these plants against bacteria. KEY WORDS: G. candidus, R. multifidus, A. abyssinica, C. abyscinicum, Antibacterial activity, Essential oil Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(4), 865-878. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.12
ABSTRACT. Chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from various parts of Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis dipsaceus and Cucumis prophetarum were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Compounds 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecanol, neophytadiene, and isophytol from leaves, phytol and octacosane from the stems, hentriacontane from the fruits, and octacosane, abietadiene from roots were identified the major constituents of Cucumis ficifolius. Hydrocarbons including Octacosane, tricosane, tetracosane, hentriacontane and hexacosane were the principal components of various parts of Cucumis. dispaceus. While leaves, stems and roots of Cucumis prophetarum contain mainly hentriacontane, neophytadiene and octacosane, respectively. The oils were evaluated for their antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method against four bacterial pathogens including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. All tested essential oils were sensitive against the bacterial strains. The essential oil from the leaves of Cucumis dispaceus exhibited the highest inhibition zone against E. coli (11.87±2.42 mm) while the other displayed modest activity compared with the positive control, ceftriaxone. Therefore, the antibacterial activities displayed by the essential oils along with the literature reported for their constituents suggest the use of these plants as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, the results presented herein also support the traditional use of these plants against bacteria. KEY WORDS: Cucumis ficifolius, Cucumis dipsaceus, Cucumis prophetarum, Antibacteria Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 703-715. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.13
Background Staphylococci spp. are found everywhere in nature and they occur as a part of the normal microbial flora. These bacterial spp colonizes the skin, and mucous membranes in the nostrils of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to identify and molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance staphylococcus species that isolated from the nasal cavity of goats (NCGs) in Adama city. Results In this study, 34 isolates of PSSIs were obtained from NCGs. All are morphologically cocci. The recent all PSSIs were shown positive results for catalase, gram staining, and urease test. Few isolates were found to be Coagulase positive and were confirmed to be S. aureus. In this study, PSSIs were identified as S. aureus, S. sciuri, S. simulans, and S. xylosus using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Antibiotic resistance gene such as blaZ, mecA, and nuc gene were detected for PSSI-D8 strain using PCR analysis. Based on 16srRNA analysis, PSSI-D8 was confirmed to be Staphylococcus aureus with 99.47% sequence similarity and designated as Staphylococcus aureus isolate obtained from NCGs (Staphylococcus aureus INCGD8). PSSI-D8 strain found to be (100%) susceptible to chloramphenicol and vancomycin antibiotics. The optimum condition for growth and biomass production for Staphylococcus aureus INCG8 was obtained at pH7, temperature (37oC) and 1.28M of NaCl using glucose as the main carbon source. Conclusion In conclusion, the preliminary, secondary screening, MALDI-TOF MS analysis, and molecular study collectively were driving the PSSI-D8 to strain of S. aureus for the first time in Ethiopia from NCGs.
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