Land ecological security plays an important role in the sustainable land resources utilization and social economic development. In this study, the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model was constructed to measure the land ecological security pattern based on grids scale of Jinan from 2006 to 2016. Then, Moran’s index was used to explore the spatial autocorrelation of the land ecological security score. Finally, the driving factors of land ecological security pattern differentiation in Jinan were revealed by using geographical detector method. The results showed that the level of land ecological security in Jinan, generally, decreased at the beginning and then gradually increased during the research periods. More specifically, land ecological security was represented as a downward trend in the central region and an upward trend in the southern mountainous area. The apparent regional heterogeneity of land ecological security level in Jinan showed the overall distribution pattern “low in the middle and high around” and the direction of urban expansion consistent with the low-level land ecological security. Land ecological security presented a significant spatial autocorrelation. The differentiation of land ecological security pattern was mainly driven by social and economic development factors, among which urban expansion was most important, so urban development should try to avoid occupying those areas with high level of land ecological security. From the study, the valuable information could be provided in the improvement of land ecosystem environment and in the facilitation of sustainable development.
The process of rapid urbanization has intensified the conversion of different land use types, resulting in a substantial loss of ecological land and ecological security being threatened. In the context of China’s vigorous advocacy of an ecological civilization, it is important to explore future land use patterns under ecological security constraints to promote sustainable development. The insufficient consideration of land ecological security in existing land use pattern simulation studies makes it difficult to effectively promote improvement in the ecological security level. Therefore, we developed a land use simulation framework that integrates land ecological security. Taking the sustainable development of land ecosystems as the core, the land ecological security index (LESI) and ecological zoning (EZ) were determined by the pressure–state–response (PSR) model and the catastrophe progression method (CPM). Natural development (ND) and ecological protection (EP) scenarios were then constructed taking the LESI and EZ into consideration. The CA–Markov model was used to simulate the land use pattern of Guangzhou for 2030 under the two scenarios. The results showed that (1) the study area was divided into four categories: ecological core zone, ecological buffer zone, ecological optimization zone, and urban development zone, with area shares of 37.53%, 31.14%, 16.96%, and 14.37%, respectively. (2) In both scenarios, the construction land around the towns showed outward expansion; compared with the ND scenario, the construction land in the EP scenario decreased by 369.10 km2, and the woodland, grassland, and farmland areas increased by 337.04, 20.80, and 10.51 km2, respectively, which significantly improved the ecological security level. (3) In the EP scenario, the construction land in the ecological core zone, ecological buffer zone, and ecological optimization zone decreased by 85.49, 114.78, and 178.81 km2, respectively, and no new construction land was added in the ecological core zone, making the land use pattern of the EP scenario more reasonable. The results of the study have confirmed that the land use pattern simulation framework integrating land ecological security can effectively predict land use patterns in different future scenarios. This study can provide suggestions and guidance for managers to use in formulating ecological protection policies and preparing territorial spatial planning.
The current global pandemic has laid bare the importance of national food security to human survival. Many cultivated lands in the hilly, mountainous, and other marginalized areas have been abandoned on a large scale, resulting in a tremendous waste of agricultural resources, thereby threatening national food security. Here, we studied abandoned farmland in Xingning City, a mountainous area in northern Guangdong province. According to the "seeding—growing—harvesting" life cycle of cultivated plots, spatial superposition method and remote sensing change detection method were applied to identify abandoned arable land. Logistic regression model was used to reveal the influencing factors and occurrence mechanism of abandoned cropland at plot scale, and cluster analysis was used to discuss the classification and management strategies. Result showed that 16.83% of the cultivated land in the study area was severely abandoned, attributed to poor location, poor basic conditions, and fragmentation of the land. Further, the abandoned farmland was divided into output-driving type, cultivation condition-driving type, and plot-condition driving type. Based on these types, we proposed some countermeasures, such as adjusting agricultural structures, tamping agricultural infrastructures, strengthening land circulation, popularizing appropriate scale operations. These measures provide a reference to effectively curb abandoned farmland and improving the utilization efficiency of cultivated land, especially in recent years.
The study aims to estimate different land leasing entities’ intentions and drivers to grow non-grain crops. In 2021, following a multistage sampling technique based on non-grain farmland, 264 farmers from the Zengcheng District of China were interviewed using a well-structured questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior and transaction cost. The structural equation model was used to quantitatively reveal the influence mechanism of the non-grain use of the transferred farmland. The difference in the non-grain use of the transferred farmland was analyzed from the perspective of the differentiation of the renting entities. The results showed that the profit margin of non-grain and food crops, and the follow-up behavior of business entities, all promote the non-grain utilization of transferred farmland; however, the transaction costs of non-grain utilization and the endowment constraints of agricultural businesses inhibit the non-grain utilization of farmland. The non-grain crops in the suburbs are more profitable, and the transaction costs of the farmland leasing entities are low, so they tend to be grain-free; the rents of the farmland in the outer suburbs are low and can be operated on a large scale, and the leasing entities tend to be grain-oriented. Large-scale leasing entities tend to grow grain, while small-scale leasing entities tend to grow non-grain crops. In general, large-scale leasing entities in the outer suburbs have high transaction costs and low land rents and tend to be grain-oriented. The small-scale leasing entities in the suburbs are close to the market, the transaction costs are low, the rental price of farmland is high, and they are more inclined to grow non-grain crops. The non-grain utilization of the leased farmland should be treated separately, the supervision of the grain production capacity of the leased farmland should be carried out, and the rotation of grain and non-grain crops should be encouraged; the moderate scale operation in outer suburbs should be encouraged, and the construction of high-standard basic farmland for grain-growing farmland should be promoted.
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