Objective To describe the level of empathy of dental students at the University of Cartagena. Methods A descriptive, quantitative study on a sample of 360 students from 1st to 5th year of Dentistry at the University of Cartagena (Colombia) during the second academic period of 2012. The Spanish version for students (S version) of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) was administered to them. The analysis consisted of calculating descriptive statistics, the arithmetic mean, and standard deviation of all the factors and their corresponding levels. The comparison of means was performed through bifactorial analysis of variance model III, with first-order interaction and application of the Duncan multiple comparison test. Results Statistically significant differences were found for the "year" variables (p<0.005) and gender (p <0.001). Lower empathic orientation values were found for 1st year students and higher value were found for women. No significance was found in the interaction between these two factors (p>0.05). Conclusions Empathic orientation values in the dental students assessed were different depending on the level or year of study and the student's gender. This may influence the comprehensive training promoted by higher education institutions as part of their educational projects. It also provides an imperative for the promotion of interpersonal skills interpersonal skills among students starting in the first years of their training to help improve the quality of health care provided.
RESUMENObjetivo: Determinar la validez de constructo y confiabilidad del APGAR familiar en pacientes odontológicos adultos de Cartagena, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio de validación de escalas sin criterio de referencia en 227 pacientes entre 22 y 94 años atendidos en una Clínica Odontológica Universitaria del Norte (Colombia). Los datos del APGAR se extrajeron a partir de la historia clínica de salud familiar. La consistencia interna se estimó con la fórmula de Kuder-Richardson y la validez de constructo, empleando análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC). Los siguientes índices de ajuste se obtuvieron a partir del AFC: χ2, p-valor para χ2, grados de libertad (gl), raíz cuadrada del error medio de aproximación, índice comparativo de ajuste e índice de Tucker-Lewis. El análisis de los datos se hizo a través de Stata v.13.2 para Windows (StataCorp, TX, USA) y Mplus v.7.31 para Windows (Muthén & Muthén, LA, USA). Resultados: El promedio global del APGAR familiar fue 17,07±3,15 y la prevalencia de disfunción familiar fue 44,4 % (IC 95%: 38 -51 %). La consistencia interna fue 0,90. El AFE reportó un solo factor que explicó el 64,1 % de la varianza total. El AFC mostró como índices de ajuste χ2=702,960; gl=10, p-valor=0.001; RCEMA=0.155 (IC90%: 0.107-0.209); ICA=0.961; ITL=0.922. Conclusiones: En la muestra, APGAR familiar resultó ser un instrumento de tamizaje con alta utilidad clínica, excelente consistencia interna pero cuestionable validez de constructo. Deben realizarse investigaciones adicionales a fin de obtener escalas con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la medición de constructos en salud.Palabras clave: familia; psicometría; epidemiología; puntaje de Apgar. ABSTRACTObjective: To determine construct validity and reliability of the family APGAR scale in dental adult patients from Cartagena, Colombia. Methods: Scale validation study without a reference criterion in 227 patients between 22 and 94 years old whom consulted a college-based dental clinic. Family APGAR data was obtained from the family health charts. Internal consistency was calculated with the Kuder-Richardson formula and construct validity, by
Objective: To compare levels of empathy in dentistry students in the cohorts of 2013 and 2016 years, in a public university in Cartagena, Colombia. Material and Methods: The sample consists of 332 students from first to fifth academic year. The instrument used was the Jefferson Medical Empathy Scale (EEMJ), Spanish version for medical students (version S), validated in Mexico and Chile and adapted for students of dentistry in Colombia. Implementation was anonymous and confidential and informed consent was used. The scale was judged by judges in order to verify cultural validity and students' understanding of the scale was evaluated. The means and standard deviation were estimated. A bifactorial variance analysis, model III was applied to find differences of means between academic years, the genders and in the interaction of these factors. The comparison between empathic cohort data 2013 and 2016 was performed using the Wilks Lambda Statistician and the M Box test. The level of significance used was α≤0.05 and β<0.20. Results: The results were significant for the "academic years" factor (p = 0.027), gender (p = 0.782) and interaction (p = 0.364) were not significant. The size of the effect of the statistical differences found is not high. The value of R2 corrected shows that the factors studied explain only 2.9% of all the variation of empathy. Conclusion: The empathy in the study subjects presents some fluctuations; however there are no statistically significant differences for the factors of interest among the cohorts evaluated.
Objetivo. Determinar los niveles de empatía y su relación con factores sociodemográficos, familiares y académicos en estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena-Colombia. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 199 sujetos a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario que indagaba sobre características sociodemográficas, familiares, académicas y la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson (EEMJ) en su versión para estudiantes (versión S). Esta escala tiene una puntuación mínima de 20 y máxima de 140 y no establece punto de corte. Para el análisis se utilizó la prueba de Shapiro Wilk para evaluar el supuesto de normalidad, las pruebas T Student y Anova para establecer la relación entre variables (p<0,05). Resultados. La media de empatía global fue 106,9 ± 14,3 puntos; se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la media de empatía de acuerdo a la funcionalidad familiar (p=0,001), el estado civil (p=0,0467), soporte de amigos (p=0,0429), Odontología como primera opción de estudio (p=0,0357) y la reprobación de asignaturas (p=0,008); asimismo con la dimensión de empatía “cuidado con compasión” con el sexo (p=0,014) y año de formación (p=0,0257); también hubo diferencias entre la dimensión “toma de perspectiva” y el rendimiento académico (p=0,043). Conclusión. Los niveles de empatía en estudiantes de Odontología pueden variar dependiendo de la funcionalidad familiar, estado civil, soporte de amigos, odontología como primera opción de estudio y la reprobación de asignaturas
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