A great many plantain varieties are cropped in West and Central Africa, and there is a lack of information about their production potential and suitability for cropping system environments. To obtain benchmark data for the production potential of plantain varieties, experimental and modelling approaches were combined to determine intrinsic growth parameters and to increase understanding of factors affecting yield. Five real plantains commonly cropped in Cameroon and representative of plantain group diversity (Batard, Big Ebanga, Essong, French clair and Mbouroukou n°3) and four plantain-like hybrids (CRBP39, D248, D535 and FHIA21) were studied. A process-based growth model (the AAB model) was developed that accounts for specific characteristics of the plantain crop that includes parameters affecting growth, development and yield. Varietal-specific parameters were determined in a field experiment conducted under nearly non-limiting production conditions while general parameters were drawn from the literature. Parameters describing the conversion of intercepted radiation into dry matter were evaluated by model fitting. Photosynthetic efficiency was significantly higher for real plantains than for plantain-like hybrids. The model realistically simulated development, growth and bunch production for five varieties. These results are the first step in developing a useful tool for assessing the suitability of plantain varieties to different environments. The current study highlights the need for greater knowledge of plantain physiology in order to better model plantain growth and develop variety-specific production approaches. (Résumé d'auteur
Comparison of the effectiveness of two vegetative propagation methods for banana trees from the study of the agronomic characteristics of a hybrid of plantain (Musa spp.). Abstract-Introduction. The objective of our study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of plantain hybrid plants (CRBP-39, Musa cv. AAAB) obtained through two vegetative propagation methods: in vitro culture, called the "CIV technique", and a newly developed technique of plants derived from stem bits, called the "PIF technique". The study, carried out in Cameroon, took place at a high altitude (1250 m) and covered one cropping cycle. The CRBP-39 hybrid was chosen because of its resistance to Black Leaf Streak Disease and its agronomic performance. Materials and methods. Vitroplants and plants obtained through the PIF technique developed at CARBAP (Cameroon) were planted separately in elementary plots of 16 plants. No chemical control was administered against Black Leaf Streak Disease. Observations were essentially made on agronomic characteristics. Results and discussion. For the mother crop, there was no significant difference between the plants obtained from one or the other vegetative propagation method concerning their pseudo-stem height and girth; the number of functional leaves at shooting; the duration of the production cycle; the bunch weight; the number of hands and fruits of the bunch; and the length and circumference of the fruit. For the ratoon crop, significant differences were observed concerning the pseudo-stem height and girth, and the number of emitted and functional leaves at harvest. These results globally indicate a strong similarity in vegetative and bunch characteristics of plants propagated with one or the other method. The PIF technique, which is used more and more by small-scale farmers because of its simplicity, rapidness and low cost of production, is a method of vegetative propagation that helps to produce plants similar to tissue cultured plants in terms of agronomic qualities. Cameroon / Musa (plantains) / hybrids / plant propagation / vitroplants / propagation materials Comparaison de l'efficacité de deux méthodes de multiplication rapide de plants de bananier à partir de l'étude des caractéristiques agronomiques d'un hybride de bananier plantain (Musa spp.). Résumé-Introduction. Nos travaux ont eu pour objectif de comparer les performances agronomiques des plants d'un hybride de bananier plantain (CRBP-39, Musa cv. AAAB) obtenus par utilisation de deux méthodes de multiplication végétative : la culture de tissus in vitro (CIV) et une technique de propagation par multiplication de plants à partir de fragments de tiges (dite technique des PIF) développée récemment. L'étude, effectuée au Cameroun, a été menée en altitude (1250 m) ; elle a porté sur un cycle de culture. L'hybride CRBP-39 a été choisi en raison de sa résistance à la maladie des raies noires et de ses performances agronomiques. Matériel et méthodes. Des vitroplants et des plants obtenus par la technique des PIF, technique de propagation horticole ...
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