Competitive youth sport can provide solid grounds for positive youth development (PYD). However, there is need to understand if coaches are facilitating these types of outcomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze how competitive youth sport is used to facilitate PYD. The participants in this study were four youth football coaches and 19 adolescent athletes from competitive leagues at north of Portugal. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field notes and nonparticipant observations. The majority of the coaches communicated appropriately and facilitated positive interactions with youth athletes. Nevertheless, the participants did not implement an explicit approach towards the development of confidence, character, connection and competence (i.e., 4 C's) which has been linked to less PYD outcomes. Performance outcomes in certain moments superseded PYD ones. Moving forward, coaches need to comprehend how they can use their interpersonal knowledge to integrate the 4 C's within competitive youth sport. In certain cases competitive youth sport is automatically linked with positive developmental outcomes such as increase in self-confidence, personal and social development, empathy for others, and physical development (Fraser-Thomas, Côte, & Deakin, 2005). For instance, Lacroix, Camiré, and Trudel (2008) conducted semi-structured interviews with youth coaches who believed their athletes could attain positive developmental outcomes by participating in sport activities. However, these authors also stated coaches had difficulties mentioning strategies and concrete situations used to facilitate youth development that is connected to effective coaching literature. Based on this notion, competitive youth sport has

Over the last decades positive development (PD) has served as a framework for several investigations within the sport science community. In fact, multiple researchers have analyzed youth coaches’ role in PD. However, there is recent interest in exploring high performance coaching due to the complexity of the coaching practice, the different developmental needs presented by players, and the relevance of PD within this particular environment. The purpose of this study was to understand the perspectives of Portuguese football coaches about the importance of PD in high performance coaching. The participants in the study were ten male Portuguese football coaches who trained athletes between the ages of 16 and 39 years of age. Findings showed that coaches viewed winning and on field performance as top priorities in their coaching philosophy, but recognized the importance of PD. Coaches also envisioned the determinant role youth coaches have in this domain. Coaches conceptualized PD as an overarching framework that could be used across the developmental spectrum to convey a range of PD outcomes in high performance contexts such as teamwork, respect for others and transfer to other life domains. Moving forward, coach education courses should help coaches develop strategies to foster PD.

Background: Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) has been studied and implemented through physical activity in different backgrounds for over three decades. However, there is no systematized review in the literature concerning the after-school context. Aim: Conducting a systematic review of literature on after-school interventions based on the TPSR model. Methods: This study was driven by the following research questions: Which were the conclusions regarding the implementation of TPSR in after-school settings? Which research methodologies have been used to assess TPSR in after-school time settings? Which results related to TPSR were reported in after-school time settings? Cochrane protocol guidelines were followed. Papers were selected by two independent researchers, with Cohen’s Kappa value of 81%. Results and discussion: Twenty-seven papers were selected, thirteen of which were reported with high scores. Most interventions were conducted in the USA on community-based after-school programs, lasting more than nine sessions, and led by school staff who prepared physical activities for youngsters from disadvantaged communities. Most of the reported studies resorted to qualitative methodologies. Some gaps were detected, such as lack of systematization of methods, lack of validity and reliability. Personal and social benefits were found. Other results were grouped into leadership, staff-youngsters relationship, values, transference, and impact on staff lives. We recommend future studies in the after-school context extend to extend to other countries, with more detailed descriptions of the specific used methods.

Saturno (o deus do tempo, equivalente ao deus grego Cronos) foi escolhido para arbitrar a contenda, tendo lavrado a sentença nestes termos: a nova criatura será chamada 'Homem', por ter sido fabricada a partir do humo (ex humo) da terra; na morte, Júpiter acolherá o seu espírito e a Terra ficará com o seu corpo. Mas, enquanto ela viver, será Cuidado quem a manterá com toda a solicitude. Saturno destinou a Cuidado esta tarefa, precisamente devido às carências e necessidades de atendimento, educação, desenvolvimento e manutenção do ser humano até ao fim da vida. Foi nesta conformidade que Heidegger concebeu o cuidado e o cuidar como estrutura originária e obrigação indeclinável da existência. O que seria do ente humano sem o cuidado, sem o cuidar e sem ser cuidado? Numa busca de resposta, o filósofo propõe a 'ética do cuidado', do nosso e do próximo, como um dos pilares centrais da civilização e da Humanidade. 4. Em síntese, um ideário político baseia-se em valores vitais; é uma projeção do modo de encarar o outro, o semelhante e o diferente, de conviver com ele, de respeitar os seus direitos e procurar suprir as suas agruras, debilidades e penúrias. O que é que nos mostra a política da austeridade neste capítulo? A austeridade e a sua aceitação espezinham o legado civilizacional implícito na 'ética do cuidado'. São expressão do mal endógeno e exógeno, do diabo que nos leva a aplicar aos outros o que não é bom para nós, a agir de forma distinta com o próximo e connosco. Indo mais longe, a austeridade revela facetas aterradoras: é um apagão ou banalização da noção do diabólico, suprime as fronteiras de demarcação do bem e do mal; torna patente o instinto do mal, retira o bem da realidade e introduz-lhe aquele, molda-a segundo as baixezas intrínsecas ao nosso ser. Por mais que custe ouvir aos defensores da austeridade, ela é terrorista pelos meios que usa e pelos fins que propala, é criminosa pelos resultados e vítimas que provoca, é cruel pela angústia, pelos gemidos, pelo horror, pelo sacrifício e sofrimento que causa, é desumana pelo desespero do abismo sem fundo que origina e pela insensibilidade que irradia, é arrasadora da espiritualidade pela idolatria do dinheiro. Os advogados da austeridade representam o triunfo da maldade, do fundamentalismo e fanatismo de falsos profetas; semeiam o inferno e o ódio, pregando a abastança, o gozo e a vida para uma minoria e a infelicidade, a miséria e a morte para a maioria. Eles estão a pedir o raio da ira de Deus. Os profetas do Antigo Testamento não cometeram heresia, quando recomendaram que o atendimento das necessidades urgentes das pessoas prevalece sobre o culto de Deus. O sofrimento humano não pode esperar; já Deus, porque é eterno, tem tempo para ser honrado e louvado. Por outras palavras, atender as ansiedades e precisões dos humanos é servir Deus. Logo, antes de servirem o deus do dinheiro, os sacerdotes da austeridade devem honrar e venerar o ser divino que é a pessoa. Todavia, não agem assim. Não passam no tribunal da consciência de Deus e dos Homens! 13-RPCD 15...

Youth sport is a valuable context to foster the development of personal and social responsibility (PSR). Within competitive youth sport coaches face many challenges promoting PSR while still being required to win. However, information related to the role played by coaches in PSR development within competitive youth sport is scarce and thus additional research is required. The purpose of this study was to analyse the perceptions of youth coaches on delivering, and barriers to delivering PSR in competitive youth sport. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 youth coaches who coached under-15 football teams in Portugal. A thematic analysis was performed which generated high (e.g. coaching practice) and low order categories (e.g. positive transference). The findings showed that coaches considered PSR development important in different developmental stages. The relationship between parents and coaches was identified as a key factor. Coaches experienced constraints to their intervention towards PSR development, such as challenging athlete behaviours which were resolved by implementing negative teaching strategies. Coaches also mentioned a low number of strategies to foster transference of PSR to other life domains.Youth have multiple needs associated with adolescence such as the need to connect with peers, belong within the school context, to search for a physically and psychologically safe environment, among other key factors that may convey positive developmental experiences (Martinek, Schilling, & Hellison, 2006). Carroll, Ashman, Bower, and Hemingway (2013) highlighted the need for educational agents to purposefully create contextual conditions so young people can flourish. Researchers interested in comprehending youth′s developmental process

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