The Object of the Study. Migration processes in Rossiya.The Subject of the Study. Interdistrict migration links. The Purpose of the Study. Identifying the features of interdistrict migration exchange and justifying adequate indicators for its measurement.The Main Provisions of the Article. The article reveals how and when scientific ideas about the spatial patterns of migration processes that took place in the past and at present appeared, and about the subsequent interpretation of this knowledge and the creation of adequate indicators for their measurement have arisen. The paper shows the importance in the total migration turnover of internal migrations, interregional movements, in particular. Interregional migrations include population movements between administrative and territorial entities. In Rossiya, regions with independent status were adopted as such “migration” entities, i.e. which are subjects of the Russiyskaya Federatsiya. In its turn, migration flows between them break up into smaller interregional flows. All of them, like the general migration flows, differ in their scale, structure, directions and results. The article discusses existing approaches to studying the nature of migration flows, determining their directions and values, it is stressed that as early as at the end of the nineteenth century the idea was expressed about a relationship between population size, distance, as well as the forces of attraction and repulsion. It is noted that in the domestic literature, the clarification of the relationship between migration processes and the factors determining their scope and direction has begun since the 60s of the last century. At the same time, a special indicator has been created to level the influence of different population numbers in different regions on the assessment of the significance of interregional migration flows. The possibilities of using this gauge for present day interregional migrations are shown on the example of two regions of Rossiya with the publication of the matrix of coefficients of interdistrict migration links for 1966-1969 allowing to compare them with the data for 2015-2017 and accordingly confirm the stability of these relationships.
The article covers the historical determinism of Russia’s choice of priority courses in terms of its subsequent centuries-long development. Being not only a European country but also an Asian one, Russia has developed into the largest country in the world, gaining access to the Pacific Ocean, expanding the opportunities for large-scale fleet development and extraction of coastal shelf resources. It has grown into the country rich in its natural resources. The necessity for large-scale integration of natural resources in the national economy along with the strengthening the Asian geopolitical status of the country was fully recognized in the Soviet years as evidenced by the successful settlement of Siberia and the Far East. The article states that in the 1990s Russia lost a number of benchmarks serving as boosters for its geopolitical status and economic power. The paper provides evidence that for many decades the life expectancy level in Siberia and the Far East has been below its average level within the country, which remains a major determinant of migration outflows and the population decline in these regions of Russia. The authors present approaches to form the strategy of demographic development with respect to the eastern part of the country. The strategy proceeds from the need to ensure continuous growth of the demographic potential and at the same time to address ethnic, natural, geographical, geopolitical, and other conditions of the regions, which largely determine the specific character of population dynamics, its settlement, and much more.
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