Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns e fatores associados entre idosos de um município do BrasilThe prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among the elderly in a Brazilian city

RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as características morfogênicas e estruturais de Brachiaria brizantha e B. decumbens adubados com diferentes doses de nitrogênio (N). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150 Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of two grasses submitted to different nitrogen dosesABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha and decumbens submitted to different nitrogen doses (N). The experiment was carried in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of four N doses (0, 75, 150 and 225 mg/dm 3 of N) and two grasses (Brachiaria brizantha and decumbens). Nitrogen fertilization was subdivided into three applications. A completely randomized block experimental design with five repetitions was used. For the morphogenetic and structural characteristics, the daily foliar structure emergence, total number of leaves and number of tillers per B. decumbens plant was higher for B. brizantha. However, for phyllochron, the daily foliar prolongation and life duration of the B. brizantha leaf were higher. B. decumbens and brizantha responded increasingly up to 190 mg/dm 3 of nitrogen in relation to the majority the available characteristics.The process senescence is accelerated with increase of the nitrogen doses, reducing the life duration of leaves.Key Words: Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria decumbens, phyllochron, tillering IntroduçãoNo estabelecimento de pastagens, atualmente destacam-se os capins do gênero Brachiaria, que apresentam vantagens em relação a outros gêneros, como boa adaptação a solos ácidos, tolerância à baixa fertilidade dos solos e elevado rendimento de matéria seca (Almeida, 1998).Como a produção de folhas é prioridade na alimentação, para o bom manejo, é necessário conhecer e compreender não apenas o processo de transformação do pasto (forragem) em produto animal, mas sobretudo entender e controlar os processos de crescimento e desenvolvimento que resultam na produção da forragem a ser consumida. Dessa forma, quando se entende a dinâmica de crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas que compõem uma pastagem e suas respostas morfofisiológicas aos fatores que as influenciam, torna-se mais fácil adequar o manejo do pasto visando à sustentabilidade do sistema de produção com alta produtividade dos componentes planta e animal, respeitando os limites ecofisiológicos das plantas forrageiras

In several studies, early cleavage stage canine embryos have been derived from in vitro fertilized oocytes cultured under various conditions. Despite these results, IVF protocols for canine oocytes have yielded low fertilization rates. In this study, Experiment I compared the effects of tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with either (A) 1 microg/ml estradiol or (B) 20 microg/ml estradiol + 1 microg/ml human somatotropin (hST) on the in vitro nuclear maturation rate of canine oocytes. Meiotic progression to the metaphase I and II (MI/MII) stages at 72 hr of in vitro culture (IVC) was 10.2% (11/108) in medium A versus 14.1% (30/142) in medium B (P = 0.802). In Experiment II, cleavage rate was determined among oocytes recovered from ovaries of bitches at different reproductive stages. Oocytes (n = 888) were retrieved from bitches at the follicular, anestrous, and luteal stages and selected for high morphological quality. Oocytes were matured for 48 hr in TCM-199 supplemented with 1 microg/ml hST + 20 microg/ml estradiol. Oocytes were in vitro fertilized with fresh canine spermatozoa that had been isolated on a Percoll gradient, and were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium with bovine serum albumin (BSA; 4 mg/ml) up to 5 days in 5% CO(2) in air at 37 degrees C. A proportion of oocytes (30.6%) with identifiable nuclear material had cytoplasm penetrated or fertilized by sperm. The percentage of oocytes developing into early stage embryos was 10.1% (27/267). Although pronuclear development was observed to be higher for oocytes recovered at the follicular phase, the cleavage rate was similar among oocytes recovered from bitches at the follicular, anestrus, and luteal stages. There was no correlation between the proportion of capacitated or acrosome reacted spermatozoa and pronuclei formation and/or percent cleavage. It was concluded that TCM-199 supplemented with 1 microg/ml hST and estradiol (20 microg/ml) supports nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of canine oocytes. In this study, meiotic competence was verified by the in vitro production (IVP) and development of embryos up to the 8 cell-stage. Furthermore, the results indicate that, under the described conditions and despite the influence of reproductive status of the bitch on the developmental competence of in vitro fertilized oocytes to the pronuclei stage, cleavage was independent of donor's reproductive estrous cycle stage.

RESUMO -O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, no período de maio a agosto de 2005, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada e nitrogenada sobre as características morfogênicas e estruturais do capim-tanzânia.As avaliações morfogênicas englobaram as taxas de aparecimento e alongamento de folhas e a taxa de alongamento de colmo.As avaliações estruturais foram o número total de folhas e número de folhas verdes por perfilho, número de perfilhos da planta e comprimento final da folha. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro doses de fósforo (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg/ha de P 2 O 5 ) e duas doses de nitrogênio (0 e 100 kg/ha de N) com quatro repetições. Foram utilizados vasos com capacidade de 6,3 litros cada, que, após desbaste, permaneceram com quatro plantas por vaso. As doses de N e P foram determinantes para as taxas de alongamento de folhas e alongamento de colmo, o número de perfilhos por planta e número de folhas verdes por perfilho. O suprimento de nitrogênio teve efeito positivo sobre a taxa de aparecimento de folhas, o número total de folhas e o comprimento final da folha do capim-tanzânia. A maioria das variáveis estudadas foi influenciada pela aplicação de fósforo, quando associada à aplicação do nitrogênio. It was used a complete randomized experimental design in 4 x 2 factorial scheme, being four phosphorus doses (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg of P 2 O 5 /ha) and two doses of nitrogen (0 and 100 kg of N/ha), with four replicates. It was utilized pots with 6.3 liters capacity each, leaving four plants per pot after staging. The N and P combination affected leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate, number of tillers per plant, and number of green leaves per tillers. Nitrogen supply had a positive effect on leaf appearance rate, number of leaves, and final leaf length of tanzaniagrass. The majority of the studied variables were affected by the use of phosphorus when associated to N fertilization.

Introduction: The structural and functional alterations seen in aging, associated with a sedentary lifestyle, accelarate the decline of functional ability. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with insufficient physical activity during leisure time among older adults. Method: Cross sectional sample consisting of 562 individuals living in the city of Feira de Santana, 69.6% female and 30.4% male with a mean age of 68.93 ± 7.05 years. We used a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, such diseases and participation in physical activity during leisure time. Participation in leisure physical activity was assessed by self-perception of the type and intensity of activity (mild moderate or heavy). For statistical analysis we used logistic regression, calculating the prevalence ratios, confidence intervals (95%) and significance level p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among the subjects studied, only 18.3% were classified as active during leisure time. The investigated population has a high frequency of individuals inactive during leisure time, especially among low-income people and those with older ages. Conclusion: These findings encourage discussion of the need to implement public health policies and the creation of spaces for the practice of leisure activities for the elderly in the NHS.

An epidemiological survey was carried out by performing an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test to determine the seroprevalence of Pythium insidiosum infection in equine in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. The serological study covered seven geographical regions of RS, classified according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The samples were obtained from official veterinary service (Serviço Veterinário Oficial, SVO) linked to the Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Agronegócio of RS (SEAPA-RS) to proceed the investigation of equine infectious anemia in 2014. Samples were collected during the months of September and October of 2013, covering the seven geographical regions of RS, and totalized 1,002 serum samples. The seroprevalence for P. insidiosum in RS was 11.1% (CI95% 9.23 to 13.22). The relative risk (RR) of the presence of antibodies anti-P. insidiosum was in the regions Southeast 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8), Porto Alegre 4.62 (CI95%, 1.70 to 12.55), Southwest 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8) and Northwestern 3.72 (CI95%, 1.52 to 9.09). The highest prevalence (69.1%) was observed in females with RR of 1.59 (CI95%, 1.11 to 2.27). When the presence of dams was evaluated, the seropositivity was evident in 74.4%, presenting an association of 2.13 (CI95%, 1.16 to 3.91) compared to farms without dams. In properties with veterinary assistance, the frequency of 72.7% and RR of 3.04 (CI95%,, 1,85 to 4,98) of seropositivity were observed. Due to the importance of pythiosis in horse herds, this study highlights the presence of anti-P. insidiosum antibodies in horses in RS, Brazil.

Introduction In view of the method of diagnosing sarcopenia being complex and considered to be difficult to introduce into routine practice, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recommends the use of the SARC-F questionnaire as a way to introduce assessment and treatment of sarcopenia into clinical practice. Only recently, some studies have turned their attention to the presence of sarcopenia in systemic sclerosis (SSc).There is no data about performance of SARC-F and other screening tests for sarcopenia in this population. Objective To compare the accuracy of SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F+EBM, and Ishii test as screening tools for sarcopenia in patients with SSc. Methods Cross-sectional study of 94 patients with SSc assessed by clinical and physical evaluation. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised 2019 EWGSOP diagnostic criteria (EWGSOP2) with assessments of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip strength, and short physical performance battery (SPPB). As case finding tools, SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F+EBM and Ishii test were applied, including data on calf circumference, body mass index, limitations in strength, walking ability, rising from a chair, stair climbing, and self reported number of falls in the last year. The screening tests were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Standard measures of diagnostic accuracy were computed using the EWGSOP2 criteria as the gold standard for diagnosis of sarcopenia. Results Sarcopenia was identified in 15 (15.9%) patients with SSc by the EWGSOP2 criteria. Area under the ROC curve of SARC-F screening for sarcopenia was 0.588 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.420–0.756, p = 0.283). The results of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR) and diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) with the EWGSOP2 criteria as the gold standard were 40.0% (95% CI, 19.8–64.2), 81.0% (95% CI, 71.0–88.1), 2.11 (95% CI, 0.98–4.55), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.48–1.13) and 2.84 (95% CI, 0.88–9.22), respectively. SARC-CalF and SARC-F+EBM showed better sensitivity (53.3%, 95% CI 30.1–75.2 and 60.0%, 95% CI 35.7–80.2, respectively) and specificity (84.8%, 95% CI 75.3–91.1 and 86.1%, 95% CI 76.8–92.0, respectively) compared with SARC-F. The best sensitivity was obtained with the Ishii test (86.7%, 95% CI 62.1–96.3), at the expense of a small loss of specificity (73.4%, 95% CI 62.7–81.9). Comparing the ROC curves, SARC-F performed worse than SARC-CalF, SARC-F+EBM and Ishii test as a sarcopenia screening tool in this population (AUCs 0.588 vs. 0.718, 0.832, and 0.862, respectively). Direct comparisons between tests revealed differences only between SARC-F and Ishii test for sensitivity (p = 0.013) and AUC (p = 0.031). Conclusion SARC-CalF, SARC-F+EBM, and Ishii test performed better than SARC-F alone as screening tools for sarcopenia in patients with SSc. Considering diagnostic accuracy and feasibility aspects, SARC-F+EBM seems to be the most suitable screening tool to be adopted in routine care of patients with SSc.

No abstract