Resumo-Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e sementes tratadas com regulador de crescimento na produção do algodoeiro. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (S 1-0,5; S 2-2,0; S 3-3,5; S 4-5,0 e S 5-6,5 dS m-1) em sementes tratadas e não tratadas com regulador de crescimento. As variáveis avaliadas foram: produção de algodão em caroço, produção de sementes e de fibra, peso de 100 sementes e porcentagem de fibra. Não houve interação entre os níveis de salinidades e as sementes tratadas com regulador de crescimento. Os parâmetros produtivos do algodoeiro são reduzidos com uso de água de salinidade a partir de 3,5 dS m-1 , independente das sementes serem tratadas com regulador de crescimento. As características agronômicas: peso de 100 sementes, porcentagem de fibra e produção de algodão em caroço não são influenciadas pelo cloreto de mepiquat. O tratamento das sementes com regulador de crescimento não afeta o efeito adverso da salinidade. Palavras-chave-Algodão-cultivo. Estresse salino. Cloreto de mepiquat.
Temperature and rainfall effect on fiber quality and yield of cotton in the State of ´Mato Grosso´, Brazil Temperature and rain have great influence on the growth, development and yield of plants. In order to verify the effect of temperature and rainfall on fiber quality and yield of cotton in the State of ´Mato Grosso´, Brazil, climatological data (daily database of maximum, minimum and mean temperature and rainfall) were analyzed with data from a group of cotton field experiments. The characterization of various genotypes (cultivars and lines) of cotton was fulfilled in 109 environments of the State of Mato Grosso, which were formed by the combination of three sources of variation: (i) six locations (´Itiquira´, ´Serra da Petrovina´, ´Campo Verde´, ´Campo Novo do Parecis´, ´Sapezal´ and ´Sorriso´); (ii) four sowing times (5 to 21 December, December 22 to January 10, 11 to 25 January, and after January 26); and (iii) eight growing seasons (2003/2004 to 2010/2011). The four most frequent cultivars were selected: ´FiberMax 966´, ´FMT 701´, ´FiberMax 993´ and ´DeltaOpal´, tested in 75, 68, 63 and 60 environments, respectively. The climatological data, from each environment, were segmented into three stages of cotton development: (i) emergence to first flower (E-F1); (ii) first flower to the first boll, plus 21 days (F1-C1+21d); and (iii) emergency to the first boll, plus 21 days (E-C1+21d). The results of each phase were correlated with the experimental field data of cotton (productivity, lint yield and fiber quality (micronaire index, strength, length and maturity). The main results were: (i) variations of temperature and rainfall during the phase (F1-C1+21d) promoted greater influence on yield and fiber quality; (ii) the increasing of thermic amplitude affected negatively on yield, micronaire index and fiber maturity, and positively the fiber strength; (iii) when compared to the maximum temperature, minimum temperature variations were more restrictive on yield and fiber quality; (iv) values of minimum temperature below 20°C were harmful to yield, lint yield, micronaire index and maturity; (v) the maximum temperature had a positive influence in resistance and a negative influence on the fiber length; however, extreme maximum temperature above 35°C wasn't associated to variations on yield and fiber quality; and (vi) the increasing of rainfall, in height and occurrence frequency, influenced the rising in cotton productivity, micronaire index and maturity. In conclusion, the increasing of minimum temperature and frequency of rainfall occurrence promote the increment of cotton productivity and fiber quality, while maximum temperature extremes caused no consistent changes in the State of Mato Grosso.
Rice culture can suffer great damages due to fungal diseases which affect seeds, roots, leaves and panicles, among which the blast disease stands out. In this context, the chemical control through fungicide use takes a key role, promoting healing, protecting and eradicative effects of the disease. The great majority of fungicides recommended include active ingredients of systemic action ways, that is, capable of penetrating and moving inside plants, being able to exert its effect in a different location from that applied. This study presents a review about the systemic fungicide use for blast disease control. For this disease, there are 25 registered commercial products which include 12 different active ingredients, considering seed treatment and foliar application, involving a total of 6 distinct ways of systemic action. The treatment with systemic fungicides has been shown efficient in chemical control for promoting healing, protecting and eradicating effects of the disease.
ERRATA SOARES, L.C.S. Efeito de reguladores de crescimento (via tratamento de sementes e foliar) no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura de algodão. Piracicaba, 2010. 113 p.
CALIBRAÇÃO DO MODELO ORYZA-APSIM PARA O ARROZ DE TERRAS ALTAS NO BRASIL
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