The ejido is an institution of communal land tenure and governance administered by the Mexican government. This paper assesses the current visual appearance of landscapes and implicit land use in ejidal lands on the periphery of Guadalajara, Mexico, using Google Street View (GSV) images tagged for signs of urban distress. Distressed landscapes are associated with the temporal process of urban expansion—newer settlements tend to be more visibly impoverished. Concentrations of vulnerable housing are correlated with encroached-upon ejidal lands in a process that was underway by the 1970s, well before Mexico’s neoliberal turn. Ejidos on the urban periphery, created to support agricultural communities during Mexico’s radical period of agrarian reform, are now sites of urban sprawl and impoverishment. Nevertheless, these communities remain legally salient as federal entities with respect to the disposition of land. Their presence complicates the historical evolution of land use in the urban periphery in ways that do not fit into classical central place models. We conclude that the presence of ejidos is associated with rapid and chaotic urbanization by migrants and the loss of agricultural capacity in Guadalajara’s periphery.
O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas inquietações teóricas e metodológicas sobre a forma como os historiadores representam o conhecimento histórico, dando especial atenção ao uso de gráficos interativos, mapas dinâmicos e animações. Se o objeto do conhecimento histórico tem diferentes movimentos, distintas intensidades, por que seria o papel impresso o principal (senão único) veículo de divulgação deste conhecimento? Diante de objeto tão escorregadio e de difícil apreensão, os historiadores optaram, desde o século XIX até o presente, por narrar (através da escrita) as dinâmicas sociais, sem preocupação com formas alternativas de representação. Muito recentemente, o fenômeno das mídias digitais e da internet trouxe inspiração para os profissionais do tempo social, permitindo algumas experiências inovadoras. É sobre algumas destas experiências que o texto tratará.
This study examines the territorial expansion of Portuguese colonization in South America by analyzing the spatial practices of Luso-Brazilian families in the captaincy of São Paulo, Brazil during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. After the 1690s, successive discoveries of mineral wealth lured thousands of colonists to scattered settlements in the interior of the continent, challenging the long-established maritime orientation of the Portuguese empire. Given obstacles posed by distance and lack of infrastructure as well as the near absence of formal institutions, this study asks how the Portuguese extended the occupation into the backlands and what mechanisms enabled the integration of these new pockets of settlement into the rest of the empire. It combines different computational methods, such as text mining, data modeling and analysis, and digital mapping to examine a large corpus of genealogical writings about prominent families of colonial São Paulo, reconstituting patterns of geographic mobility of more than 3,000 individuals. These patterns indicate that mobility was shaped by family ties, which allowed colonists to marshal resources, share geographic knowledge, and forge alliances for travel and exploration. Because kinship was an enduring form of social relationship, it provided lasting linkages that connected distant settlements to the consolidated areas of occupation and gave a sense of spatial cohesion that sustained the empire inland.
O presente artigo discute formas de integrar tecnologias geo-espaciais ao estudo e ensino de história a partir da ideia de estrutura para implementação de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG). Por estrutura SIG, entende-se o conjunto de recursos para o desenvolvimento de projetos de cunho geo-histórico, incluindo equipamentos, aplicativos e estrutura organizacional de grupos de trabalho. O texto avalia, a partir de experiências concretas, casos de uso de projetos SIG em sala de aula, em pesquisas individuais e na constituição de grupos de trabalho colaborativos, assim como revisa algumas das tendências tecnológicas que podem influenciar o trabalho de pesquisadores e professores interessados na área.
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