The interests on devolved system of government have increased over time in Africa. This paper looks at devolution and governance conflicts in Africa. The paper makes an attempt in assessing the likely conflicts from this system and possibly so their mitigations with the Kenyan scenario. The study applies the underlined objectives in achieving its goals. Ultimately, the paper will attempt to answer questions such as; what is devolution? Why devolution? What is the rationale of devolution? What are the likely conflicts inherent in devolution and governance in Africa from the global experience? What are the mitigations available and its prospects and challenges? Confusions linger as to whether devolution is decentralization or federalism. In tackling the objectives, this study tries to make clarity to these dilemmas.
In Kenya, thousands of households rely on sand harvesting as their main source of livelihood. Sand harvesting is common in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid areas, but left uncontrolled it depletes water catchment areas, and thus, the need to promote sustainability by striking a balance between it and environmental conservation. This paper illustrates how sand harvesting is affecting the environment in West Pokot County. Findings indicate that sand scooping reduces surface water quality and quantity 251(61%), leads to river bed degradation 311(87.4%), sand harvesting increases erosional valleys 308(86.6%), there is contamination of water and scarcity of water due to sand harvesting 289(81.1%), sand harvesting affects the flow of the river downstream 280(78.7%), reduces land for farming 145(40.7%), storage of sand causes destruction of vegetation cover 214(60%) and destruction of the forest cover 206(48%). The paper concludes that sand harvesting is accompanied by disastrous environmental effects, which raises questions on the cost-benefits and sustainability of the sand harvesting activities in the study area. Consequently, the paper recommends for measures to be put in place to surmount the hazardous environmental effects and enhance the multiplier effects of sand harvesting on livelihood security.
Globally, business organizations recognize that engaging human resource management practices on an international standard is imperative. But realizing target performance from just scarce resources is a challenge to most organisations. Many organisations are continuously spending time trying to control and master change making them losers. With the current practice, HR has not been able to deliver on training line management in methods of achieving high employee production. This paper investigated the Influence of Elements of Work Realities on HRD Mandate Capability in Banking Organisations in Nairobi County, Kenya. The main objectives pursued included to establish the relationship between employer-employee champion and HRD mandate capability in Banking Organisations in Nairobi County, Kenya; to determine the association between continuous transformation agent and HRD mandate capability in Banking Organisations in Nairobi County, Kenya. A survey of banking institutions was used while a questionnaire and interview schedule and content analysis were used to gather primary data. The target population was 850 and a sample size of 272 was used. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) current version. The findings confirmed that there are problems facing human resource mandate delivery capability. It was concluded that all the two elements of work realities have significant influence on HR mandate delivery capability. It was therefore recommended that organisations need to consider factors such as employer-employee champion and continuous transformation agent elements which are capable of influencing HR mandate delivery capability. Human resource should therefore discontinue their non-value adding traditional practices to service delivery. ABSTRACT AJSRE: https://escipub.com/american-journal-of-scientific-research-and-essays/ 1 Angeline Oyomo et al., AJSRE, 2019; 4:23 AJSRE: https://escipub.com/american-journal-of-scientific-research-and-essays/ 2
Project success incorporates both project management success and product success. The basic criteria for evaluating project success are scope, time, cost, and client satisfaction with the final product or service. The use of interlocking stabilized soil block technology in housing projects has been promoted in Kenya as a means to address poverty, sustainable housing and housing affordability challenges facing many Kenyans. The programme was conceptualized, planned and implemented across the country. The uptake of the technology has however been slow. This study sought to evaluate the adoption of the interlocking soil technology in development of adequate and sustainable housing projects in Nandi County. The variables analyzed for this study were; understanding of the processes of production, community participation, benefits of the technology and the challenges of cost and information dissemination. The study was guided by the Innovation Diffusion and Systems theories. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. 155 households were sampled out of the 81,672 households in the target population. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that the interlocking technology is not widely practiced. There is an average understanding of the processes of production, community participation is not widely embraced, information dissemination is not effective and efficient and the costs were not affordable. The study recommends that action should be taken to promote better understanding of the processes of production, enhance community participation and addressing the challenges of cost and information dissemination.
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