In an effort to understand why so many college graduates are leaving western Pennsylvania, recent college graduates from three Pittsburgh-area universities were surveyed about their career and location decisions. The results indicated some increase in those staying between 1994 and 1999. A logistic regression analysis showed that an improving economy, low housing costs, and ample opportunities for continuing education were the major reasons. However, the region is still losing disproportionate numbers of minorities and graduates in high-tech fields and is attracting few immigrants. The major competition was from neighboring states rather than the Sun Belt. Low salaries and lack of advancement opportunities, especially for women, minorities, and twocareer couples, were the primary reasons. The results suggest several policy recommendations to help retain recent area graduates and to attract more highly skilled workers to the region.How do recent college graduates decide where to live and work? And how can they be persuaded to remain in the region where they attended college? These are vital questions for many states and cities currently experiencing a "brain drain"-a net outflow of college graduates, particularly those in scientific or technical fields. This article reports on a large survey of recent university graduates from the Pittsburgh region and uses a multivariate model to predict their decisions to stay or leave that region. The results can tell us a great deal about what young people value in their work, how they go about finding jobs, and the relative importance of monetary incentives, family ties, and lifestyle choices in their career and location decisions. THEORIES OF BRAIN DRAIN AND MIGRATION PATTERNSThe "third wave" of state and local economic development is focusing on issues of human capital and the shortage of workers with the requisite skills for the new economy (Hornbeck & Salamon, 1991). Human capital issues are particularly troubling to older industrial cities and agricultural states that have experienced little or no population growth in recent decades. Slow population growth and the graying of the population point to slower rates of job creation and declining tax revenues in the future. Wilensky (2002, p. 497) describes a demographic trend common to many
The transition between disaster response operations and sustainable recovery represents a critical stage in rebuilding communities following disaster. We document this transition process following the 12 January 2010 earthquake in Haiti through direct field observation, review of documents and official situation reports, as well as interviews with key managers from organizations engaged in disaster operations in Haiti. Without an effective transition to recovery, disaster-stricken communities risk escalating failures in performance of key technical functions that underlie the provision of basic services in health, housing, education, commercial activity, and environmental restoration essential to building a resilient society. The interactions among social, environmental and technical systems are rarely tracked systematically, but are central to the longer-term economic, social, and technical development of a disaster-resilient community. We propose developing a “knowledge commons” infrastructure—multilingual, interdisciplinary, and interjurisdictional—to sustain a system-wide learning process as a primary goal for the reconstruction of Haiti.
Since the catastrophic 2004 Sumatran earthquake and tsunami, tsunami early warning systems have been established in every major ocean. These systems rely on Deep-ocean sensors for Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART buoys) as well as seismic stations and tidal gauges for detection. Yet these systems have largely missed the early detection of near-field
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