Pioneering the works of Brookman (1975), Middelberg et al. (1992aMiddelberg et al. ( , 1992b and Kleinig and Middelberg (1996), on cell disruption of yeast through high pressure homogenizer (HPH), the underlying factors in improving energy yield from biomass source has to be considered. This has become a global issue for scientists, researchers and policy makers as the energy demand has grown over the years due to the growing population. As cleaner energy has become highly needed for save environment and protection of the climate hence shifting away from the utilization of fossil fuels will be of higher priority.In this paper, these factors will be highlighted and discussed herein as well as other parameters that influence the energy production efficiency from the high-pressure homogenizer (HPH) through using yeast as a biomass source. The HPH for consideration in this study is the GYB40-10S; this has a pressure of up to 100 MPa with two stage homogenizing valves pressure. This is adjustable so as to produce superfine, homogenous, stable liquid-liquid or solid-liquid under multiple actions of cavitation effect and high speed impact. And also shear through the adjustable homogenizing pressure valve in the conditions of high pressure and thereby making the material compatible after homogenization.
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and other lignocellulosic materials use as energy producing biomass have improved over time. These to date have continued to play a massive and quality role in the developmental needs of energy for sustainable future. Baker's yeast dominance in this energy trends has shown to be very productive as part realization of the set goal ahead. This through current research has shown to be positively supportive in the tackling of the rising greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and global warming.In this study, the mechanical pre-treatment of yeast substrate was conducted through its homogenization in the high-pressure homogenizer (HPH). With the operating conditions of temperature, pressure and number of passes (cycles) ranging from (30 -50 °C), (30 -90 MPa) and(1-5) respectively, this was ensured that the HPH machine maximum pressure of 100MPa was not exceeded. The homogenized yeast was diluted in three levels of dilutions with buffer solutions; denoted as solution C in the ratio of; 10:90, 20:80; and 30:70 respectively. The resultant protein concentration yield so obtained was analyzed and optimized through using the Design Expert V.8 in the comparison of the three samples in the ratios given with the 3 input factors of pressure, temperature and number of cycles estimated within the considered limits.
No sooner than later, the world will be living hell as a result of the transportation effects on our climate now escalating. The pressure is now growing towards their resultant effects to be totally eradicated in order to save our planet otherwise, the stabilisation of these effects; global warming, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and degradation will need to be sought after. The world all over is at it now in an effort to restore our climate, to save it from the effects of these catastrophes/disasters.On the proposition of the Kyoto Protocol in1997, the main focus was to decrease greenhouse emissions of mainly six gases -Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) and Per fluorinated Compounds (PFCs). And transport alone, accounts for over 26% of global CO2 and has been regarded as one of the few industrial sectors wherein emissions are still on the increase, on this basis, researchers and policy makers are all at it to tackle the menace of climate changes through provision of sustainable transport. This paper focuses on the new and developed technologies like the renewable energy source [RES], which will be an alternative to transport fuels to avoid the dependence on petroleum which after effects are damaging to the world climate, and may probably not be there forever to continue serving the world ever increasing population. While the long term solutions are being sought, these alternatives will make do for now.
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