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With the aim of appraising the generality and construct validity of rhe concept of equivalence range, defined as the preferred span of objects or qualities that an individual is willing to consider in one category, a number of cognitive tasks were devised to appraise different facets of styles of categorizing behavior. Several sorting tasks were employed, some original and some adapted from previous research, to sample the breadth of an individual's preferred mode of categorization. These included an object sorting test employing real objects, object sorting tests substituting-the names of objects for real objects, tasks in which photographs of people and descriptions of people were sorted, and a drawing sorting task. In addition several perceptual "bandwidth" tasks were especially developed to study Ss' characteristic range of equivalence judgments and categorizations. Also included were rests of criticalness response style and associational ease to appraise the relevance of styles of verbal categorization to other possible facets of equivalence range. Several measures of accuracy in size constancy, and brightness judgments, previously reported by Gardner to relate to sorting behavior, were included in the battery.All tests were administered to a total of GO female Ss, the measures intercorrelated, factored, and rotated to oblique simple structure. Of the seven factors extracted, three were considered sufficiently large and clear to be interpreted meaningfully. The first and the largest of these was identified as Sorting Equivalence Range. All sorting tests loaded this factor, but none of the other tasks were substantially represented. The other two factors were identified as Conceptual Bandwidth and Associational Ease or Lack of Criticalness.The following conclusions appear warranted.( 1 ) A general stylistic consistency identifiable as Sorting Equivalence Range, represented in a wide variety of sorting tasks and content, appeared as the first and largest factor. Sorting behavior thus showed consistency across content areas, but was not closely related to tests loading on either of the other two factors identified: provided helpful assistance during preparation of the manuscript. This srudy was completed in 1959, but its publication has been delayed. The findings regarding the equivalence of group and individually administered object sorting tests have subsequently expedited research into the nature of equivalence range behavior. One such study, conducted by Samuel Messick and Nathan Kogan (1963) has made an important contribution to the understanding of properties of alternative scoring procedures for object sorting tests, one which should be recognized in further research with such tesrs.
The study examines the hypothesis that in the domain of self‐report individuals will order themselves into the types postulated by Jung. It also examines the usefulness of inverse factor analysis as a technique for studying typologies. The analysis of a Q‐sort of 100 self regarding propositions yielded a number of interpretable factors. In this fashion five of the eight types postulated by Jung were identified. These factors were correlated with other characteristics of the subjects.
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