In an attempt to derive estimates of the incidence and prevalence of acromegaly a survey of the population in the area served by the former Newcastle Regional Hospital Board has been conducted to detect cases of acromegaly alive after 1 January 1960 and diagnosed before 31 December 1971. Cases were detected by means of letters to general practitioners, hospital physicians, neurosurgeons and to hospital records officers, as well as from death certificates. From the population of 3.1 millions a firm diagnosis of acromegaly was made in 164 patients, in eighty-one on clinical grounds alone and in eighty-three with confirmation by assay of human growth hormone (hGH). The annual incidence of acromegaly appears to be close to three cases per million and the prevalence of diagnosed cases up to forty cases per million. In male acromegalics there was a significant increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular respiratory and malignant diseases but in females from cerebrovascular disease only.

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267 amblyopia similar to tobacco amblyopia occurring as a result of malnourishment only, without any intake of tobacco. He also maintained that chronic, sustained, low-level cyanide intoxication, an experimental situation similar to that produced by smoking, does not cause any neurological effects. He has also challenged the exclusive role of B1,, pointing out that deficiency of vitamins other than B1, can cause a tobacco-amblyopia-like syndrome which can be cured by an adequate diet supplemented by brewer's yeast. Also, Calhoun (1918) described similar paracentral as well as central scotomata in patients with pellegra which could be cured by the administration of nicotinic acid. Some claim has also been made for riboflavin deficiency as a factor in such amblyopias. While deficiency of vitamin B,, may play a part in the causation of tobacco amblyopia, it is likely that other B vitamins and perhaps other nutritional factors produce the same pathological effect.Whereas we found striking improvement with hydroxocobalamin in many of our cases, equal improvement was seen in others with cyanocobalamin, corticotrophin, or prednisolone, or spontaneously. Spontaneous recovery in optic neuritis is well known (Traquair, 1957;Walsh, 1957). Of the three patients with bilateral centrocaecal scotomata simulating tobacco amblyopia, one improved on corticotrophin alone, while another started improving spontaneously before hydroxocobalamin was given.Hence two conclusions can justifiably be drawn from our cases.(1) That tobacco amblyopia is rare in this part of India in spite of a large population of vegetarian smokers. This is the more interesting in view of the fact that in the control series vegetarian smokers had high plasma thiocyanate levels and the lowest serum B1, levels in the population. (2) That smoking, vegetarianism, and vitamin B1, (either as hydroxocobalamin or as cyanocobalamin) play no part in the pathogenesis of isolated "idiopathic" optic neuritis as seen in our patients.We are grateful for a grant from Glaxo Laboratories (India) Ltd., and for grant No. 01-011-1 from the National Institute of Health of t-he U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

This conceptual paper examines the promises and critical challenges posed by contemporary personality measurement using big data. More specifically, the paper provides (i) an introduction to the type of technologies that give rise to big data, (ii) an overview of how big data is used in personality research and how it might be used in the future, (iii) a framework for approaching big data in personality science, (iv) an exploration of ideas that connect psychometric reliability and validity, as well as principles of fairness and privacy, to measures of personality that use big data, (v) a discussion emphasizing the importance of collaboration with other disciplines for personality psychologists seeking to adopt big data methods, and finally, (vi) a list of practical considerations for researchers seeking to move forward with big data personality measurement and research. It is expected that this paper will provide insights, guidance, and inspiration that helps personality researchers navigate the challenges and opportunities posed by using big data methods in personality measurement. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

Using game-based assessments (GBAs) to assess and select job applicants presents the dual challenges of measuring intended job-relevant constructs while analyzing GBA data that contain more predictors than observations. Exploring those challenges, we analyzed two GBAs that were designed to measure conscientiousness facets (i.e., achievement striving, self-discipline, and cautiousness). Scores on traditional measures of personality and cognitive ability were modeled using either a restricted set of GBA predictors using cross-validated ordinary least squares (OLS) regression or by the fuller set (p = 248) using random forests regression. Overall, the prediction of personality was near-zero; but the latter approach explained 14%-30% of the variance in predicting cognitive ability. Our findings warn of GBAs potentially measuring unintended constructs rather than their intended constructs.

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