Hormonal Responses to Synthetic Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Man

Abstract

267 amblyopia similar to tobacco amblyopia occurring as a result of malnourishment only, without any intake of tobacco. He also maintained that chronic, sustained, low-level cyanide intoxication, an experimental situation similar to that produced by smoking, does not cause any neurological effects. He has also challenged the exclusive role of B1,, pointing out that deficiency of vitamins other than B1, can cause a tobacco-amblyopia-like syndrome which can be cured by an adequate diet supplemented by brewer's yeast. Also, Calhoun (1918) described similar paracentral as well as central scotomata in patients with pellegra which could be cured by the administration of nicotinic acid. Some claim has also been made for riboflavin deficiency as a factor in such amblyopias. While deficiency of vitamin B,, may play a part in the causation of tobacco amblyopia, it is likely that other B vitamins and perhaps other nutritional factors produce the same pathological effect.Whereas we found striking improvement with hydroxocobalamin in many of our cases, equal improvement was seen in others with cyanocobalamin, corticotrophin, or prednisolone, or spontaneously. Spontaneous recovery in optic neuritis is well known (Traquair, 1957;Walsh, 1957). Of the three patients with bilateral centrocaecal scotomata simulating tobacco amblyopia, one improved on corticotrophin alone, while another started improving spontaneously before hydroxocobalamin was given.Hence two conclusions can justifiably be drawn from our cases.(1) That tobacco amblyopia is rare in this part of India in spite of a large population of vegetarian smokers. This is the more interesting in view of the fact that in the control series vegetarian smokers had high plasma thiocyanate levels and the lowest serum B1, levels in the population. (2) That smoking, vegetarianism, and vitamin B1, (either as hydroxocobalamin or as cyanocobalamin) play no part in the pathogenesis of isolated "idiopathic" optic neuritis as seen in our patients.We are grateful for a grant from Glaxo Laboratories (India) Ltd., and for grant No. 01-011-1 from the National Institute of Health of t-he U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

The GnRH test in the assessment of patients with pituitary and parapituitary lesions: results of a 5-year retrospective study

“…The variability in baseline gonadotrophin levels and response to GnRH during the normal female menstrual cycle makes it difficult to define the limits of normal baseline gonadotrophins as well as normal peak response. In a normal response, LH peaks earlier than FSH and the magnitude of change is much bigger and less variable than that for FSH [6]. In addition, responses vary greatly in both adults and children.…”

“…LH responses after administration of GnRH in normal pubertal children are usually above 10 U/l. In adults, LH values may increase 3-to 10-fold above baseline after GnRH administration while FSH values should at least double [6][7][8][9]14]. For the purpose of this study, GnRH test responses were defined as follows:…”

“…For the past 25 years the integrity of the HP-gonadal axis in pituitary dysfunction has largely been assessed using the GnRH test [3][4][5][6][7]. The validity of this approach has been called into question over the last decade with regards to its diagnostic utility [8].…”

Menstrual Abnormalities in Women with Cushing’s Disease Are Correlated with Hypercortisolemia Rather Than Raised Circulating Androgen Levels

“…After an overnight fast, 100 g GnRH were administered as an iv bolus injection, and serum LH and FSH were measured at 0, 20, and 60 min. The normal range for LH is 15-42 IU/L at 20 min and 12-35 IU/L at 60 min; for FSH, the normal range is 1-11 IU/L at 20 min and 1-25 IU/L at 60 min (14,15).…”

An Electroencephalographic Investigation of Short‐term Effects of Three Hypothalamic Hormones (Trh, Lh/Fsh‐rh, Gh‐rih) in Normal Subjects

“…LH/FSH-RH (Schally, Baba, Arimura, Redding & White, 1971) stimulates the release of both luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in men, women and children (Besser, McNeilly, Anderson, Marshall, Harsoulis, Hall, Ormston, Alexander & Collins, 1972). This hormone has been held responsible for aggressive behaviour in birds (Matthewson, 1961) and has been shown to induce mating behaviour in female rats (Wilson et al, 1972;Moss & McCann, 1973;Pfaff, 1973).…”