An Electroencephalographic Investigation of Short‐term Effects of Three Hypothalamic Hormones (Trh, Lh/Fsh‐rh, Gh‐rih) in Normal Subjects

Ashton, Heather; Millman, J. E.; Telford, Rosemary; Thompson, J. W.; Davies, Terry F.; Hall, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb04871.x

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In agreement with the present study, Miller et al (1974) found no significant change in CNV magnitude in 10 subjects after ACTH 4-10, although these authors state that "the CNV ... did tend to be somewhat more negative (P < 0.15) following ACTH 4-10 injections .... " A study of three hypothalamic polypeptides-thyrotrophin releasing hormone, luteinising hormone/follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone, and growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone-in normal subjects revealed no effects on CNV magnitude (Ashton et al, 1976). Kastin et al (1971) noted large increases in EEG auditory evoked potentials after alpha MSH, a phenomenon not seen in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Psychopharmacological and endocrinological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormones in normal man

et al. 1977

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Abstract.A double blind crossover trial of the effects of synthetic alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) and synthetic beta melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta 1-22 MSH) on the contingent negative variation (CNV), performance (mental arithmetic; verbal and visual memory), and mood (selfrating scale) was carried out on four normal male subjects. All subjects received three 10-rain infusions in random order at weekly intervals (10 ml diluent alone, 10 mg alpha MSH or 10 mg beta 1-22 MSH, both in 10 ml acid saline) and were observed for 1 h after the infusion and again 24 h later. Plasma concentrations of alpha and beta MSH, thyrotrophin, growth hormone, gastrin, cortisol, calcium, cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured before and after the infusions in addition to the CNV and mental performance tests.Plasma half-lives were found to be 20.8 min for alpha MSH and 15.1 rain for beta MSH. The infusions had little effect on most measures, but after alpha MSH there was a significant improvement in verbal memory, and in two subjects there was a significant rise in plasma growth hormone without a rise in plasma cortisol. After beta 1-22 MSH there was a significant decline in verbal memory in all four subjects. These results lend support to the accumulating evidence that peptides similar to the melanocyte stimulating hormones have a neuroendocrine effect in man.Infusion of melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibiting factor (MIF; i0 mg in 10 ml normal saline given over 2 min) in six other subjects caused no change in CNV magnitude, reaction time, heart rate, or serum beta MSH level compared to control saline infusion. Key words." Alpha MSH -Beta MSH -Contingent negative variation -Melanotrophic hormonesMemory -Mood -Peptides -PerformanceEvidence is now accumulating that melanocyte stimulating hormones from the anterior pituitary have psychological and neurophysiological effects in man (Lancet, 1975;Kastin et al., 1971;Itil, 1974). The fact that derivatives of beta-lipotrophin (/~-LPH), probably the source of the melanocyte stimulating hormones (Scott and Lowry, 1974), bind to opiate receptors of brain provides further validity to these reports (Lazarus et al., 1976) and suggests a morphinomimetic function for/LLPH. When a limited quantity of synthetic human alpha and beta 1-22 MSH became available for study, it seemed of interest to investigate their effects on brain function and autonomic activity as well as certain endocrine and biochemical variables. This paper describes a small double blind crossover trial of some effects of synthetic alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha MSH) and for the first time synthetic beta melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta 1-22 MSH) in four normal male subjects. Brain activity and performance were measured by means of the contingent negative variation (CNV), mood rating scales, mental arithmetic, and verbal and visual memory tests. Measures of autonomic activity included heart rate and blood pressure. The physiological responses to infusions of alpha and beta MSH were as...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Psychopharmacological and endocrinological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormones in normal man

et al. 1977

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“…In this respect, it could be valuable to extend the recording period of most pharmaco-EEG studies on hormones: the present re sults on night sleep might have benefited from a longer time schedule of recording. Also, the negative results reported by Ashton et al [1976] on the effect of hypothalamic hormones (TRH, LH, GH) on CNV could have been different if the recording had been pursued over more than 4 h following drug intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Action of Lysine-Vasopressin on Human Electroencephalographic Activity

Timsit‐Berthier

Mantanus

Devos³

et al. 1982

Neuropsychobiology

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This study is an investigation of the central effects of vasopressin in man, as this hormone proved able to modify learning processes in animals and was applied successfully to post-traumatic, amnesic patients. Electrophysiological techniques were used to assess the effects of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) given by nasal spray (7 and 14 IU) on night sleep pattern (12 subjects), auditory evoked potentials (AEP; 26 subjects), and contingent negative variation (CNV; 26 subjects). Night sleep EEG was not modified to a great extent: in particular REM sleep did not undergo any change after LVP. Nor were AEPs modified, either in the 6-hour period following drug administration or 1 week after; CNV, however, reacted in a significant manner 6 h after drug intake, and the modifications were still present after 1 week. LVP did not affect CNV amplitude itself but its evolution through time, as CNV habituation was prevented. Such effects are discussed with regard to the neurochemical mechanisms of vasopressin action and CNV genesis.

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“…It has no effect on the contingent negative variation, a sensitive indicator of the brain activity which results from other agents such as diazepam and nicotine (Ashton et al, 1976).…”

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Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in clinical practice.

Hall¹,

Scanlon²

1976

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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The widespread distribution of TRH in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and spinal cord have led to the suggestion that it may act as a neurotransmitter, but in man there is no good evidence to support this view. It has no effect on the contingent negative variation, a sensitive indicator of the brain activity which results from other agents such as diazepam and nicotine (Ashton et al., 1976). Factors affecting TRH test in normal subjectsThe peak TSH response to an intravenous 200-,ug bolus of TRH occurs between 20 and 30 minutes, and 20 minutes has usually been chosen as the peak for the standard TRH test. TSH levels return towards basal after 60 minutes, but it is unnecessary to take a 60-minute specimen when investigating a patient with thyroid disease. The TSH released by TRH acts on the normal thyroid to release tri-iodothyronine (T3), with a peak level at about 3 hours after injection, and thyroxine (T4), with a peak level at 4-6 hours after injection. Measurements of T3 and T4 at these intervals can be used to monitor the response of the thyroid. Women, especially in the premenstrual phase of the cycle, show a greater response than men. The TSH response to TRH has been reported to fall with age. The response is greater at night, which would be expected because of the nocturnal rise of TSH levels.A variety of drugs affect the TSH response to

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An Electroencephalographic Investigation of Short‐term Effects of Three Hypothalamic Hormones (Trh, Lh/Fsh‐rh, Gh‐rih) in Normal Subjects

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Psychopharmacological and endocrinological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormones in normal man

Psychopharmacological and endocrinological effects of melanocyte stimulating hormones in normal man

Action of Lysine-Vasopressin on Human Electroencephalographic Activity

Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in clinical practice.

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