La investigación se realizó en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia con el propósito de conocer el comportamiento in vitro y evaluar una metodología para propagación de plántulas y producción de microtubérculos de dos variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp andígena) Diacol Capiro y Parda Pastusa, a partir de segmentos nodales obtenidos de tubérculos suministrados por el ICA, desinfectados con NaOCl al 10 %, multiplicados en medio MS y MS+ANA (0.02 mg L-1) y enraizados con ANA o AIB adicionados al medio de cultivo o aplicados en pulsos de 30 segundos. Posteriormente, segmentos uninodales micropropagados se cultivaron en medio para tuberización, observándose una mayor producción en MS suplementado con 2.5 mg L-1 de BA y 8 % de sacarosa en las dos variedades. Los protocolos desarrollados en el presente estudio permitieron la obtención masiva de plántulas y la producción de microtubérculos de Diacol Capiro y Parda Pastusa; las plántulas y microtubérculos desarrollados pueden ser cultivados bajo condiciones controladas para la producción de semilla pre-básica.
The high nutritional potential of native potatoes makes them an invaluable genetic resource for breeding. However, pathogens have caused both yield and industrial quality losses, and plant tissue culture is a promising alternative to obtain clean plant material. We compared distinct segments excised from apical and lateral sprouts taken from tubers as initial explants for in vitro culture of sixteen native potato genotypes. Thus, apical-distal (AD), mid-apical (MA), lateral-distal (LD), and mid-lateral (ML) segments were all grown on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. These explants were aseptic, reactive, and viable for all genotypes (with a probability greater than 30%), yielding cumulative proliferation rates of up to 1:10 individualizable segments, and about 86% of in vitro plants with 2 to 11 roots of up to 117 mm long. Responses were genotype-dependent during all stages of cultivation, and the best responding genotypes were Maravillosa, Duraznillo and Pepina Rodeo. On the other hand, AD sprouts were the best sprout type and segment for in vitro establishment, regardless of genotype. This is the first study of its kind with such a large range of Andean potato genotypes and should contribute to their germplasm conservation and increased multiplication efficiency.
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