-Behavioral and nutritional effect of rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinosídeo) on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae), a major soybean defoliator in Brazil, was evaluated from the third instar to pupation. Rutin is one of the flavonol glycosides identified in the leaves of the wild soybean PI 227687. Larval weight and amount of ingested food decreased as rutin concentration in the diet increase. An interactive effect between feeding time and diet (treatment) was observed on insect growth; when larvae fed on pure-diet, feeding time elongation resulted in heavier pupae. Differently, the weight of larvae fed on rutin-diet remained almost stable, in spite of eating for longer. A. gemmatalis growth was negatively influenced by rutin-diet not only by feeding deterrence but also by post-ingestive effect on insect growth, since after adjustment of pupal weight by the amount of ingested food (covariate), the effect of diet remained significant. Rutin negatively influenced A. gemmatalis growth as result of pre-ingestive effect, indicated by reduction in food consumption, and post-ingestive effect, indicated by lower conversion of ingested food into body mass and food assimilation.Index terms: Glycine max, feeding deterrence, insect nutrition, flavonol glycoside, Lepidoptera. Efeito prejudicial de rutina em Anticarsia gemmatalisResumo -O efeito de dieta contendo rutina (quercetina 3-O-rutinosídeo) no comportamento e na nutrição do principal desfolhador da soja, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae) foi avaliado do terceiro ínstar até a formação da pupa. Rutina é um dos flavonóis glicosídicos identificados em folhas da soja selvagem PI 227687. O peso das lagartas e o consumo decresceram com o aumento na concentração de rutina na dieta. Houve interação entre o tempo de alimentação e a dieta no crescimento do inseto; lagartas alimentadas com dieta pura, cujo tempo de alimentação prolongou-se, originaram pupas mais pesadas. O peso das pupas alimentadas com dieta contendo rutina permaneceu estável, apesar do maior tempo de alimentação. Rutina afetou negativamente o crescimento do inseto, não somente pela inibição alimentar, mas também em conseqüência de eventos pós-ingestivos, já que depois do ajuste do peso de pupa pelo consumo (covariável), o efeito do tratamento permaneceu significativo. Assim, o efeito negativo de rutina em A. gemmatalis resulta de efeitos pré-ingestivos, indicados pela redução no consumo, e pós-ingestivos, indicados por baixas conversões do alimento ingerido em biomassa e assimilação de alimentos.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, inibição alimentar, nutrição de insetos, flavonol glicosídico, Lepidoptera.

-Phyllophaga cuyabana is a univoltine species and its development occurs completely underground. Its control by conventional methods, such as chemical and biological insecticides, is difficult, so it is important to understand its dispersion, reproduction, and population behavior in order to determine best pest management strategies. The objective of this work was to study the behavior of adults of P. cuyabana. This study was carried out in the laboratory, greenhouse and field sites in Paraná State, Brazil (24 o 25' S and 52 o 48' W), during four seasons. The results obtained demonstrate that: a) P. cuyabana adults have a synchronized short-flight period when mating and reproduction occurs; b) adults tend to aggregate in specific sites for mating; c) the majority of adults left the soil on alternate nights; d) the choice of mating and oviposition sites was made by females before copulation, since after copulation adults did not fly from or bury themselves at nearby locations; e) females that fed on leaves after mating, oviposited more eggs than females that had not fed; f) plant species such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and the Crotalaria juncea are important food sources for adults.Index terms: Glycine max, white grub, host plants, oviposition, pests of plants. Comportamento de vôo, de alimentação e de reprodução de adultos de Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)Resumo -Phyllophaga cuyabana é uma espécie univoltina cujo desenvolvimento ocorre no solo. Seu controle por inseticidas químicos e biológicos é difícil, assim é importante entender sua dispersão, reprodução e comportamento populacional a fim de identificar estratégias potenciais de manejo dessa praga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento de adultos de P. cuyabana. O estudo foi realizado em laboratório, casa de vegetação e campo, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil (24 o 25' S e 52 o 48' O), durante quatro safras. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que: a) os adultos de P. cuyabana têm um vôo sincronizado durante um curto período quando ocorre o acasalamento e reprodução; b) os adultos tendem a se agregar em sítios específicos para o acasalamento; c) a maioria dos adultos deixa o solo em noites alternadas; d) a escolha do sítio de acasalamento e oviposição é feita pelas fêmeas antes da cópula; após a cópula os adultos não voam e se enterram em locais próximos; e) as fêmeas que ingerem folhas após o acasalamento ovipositam mais que as fêmeas que não se alimentam; f) espécies vegetais como girassol (Helianthus annuus) e Crotalaria juncea são importantes fontes de alimento para os adultos.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, coró, planta hospedeira, postura, praga das plantas.

The temporal and spatial distribution patterns and annual population variation of the brown root stink bug, Scaptocoris castanea Perty, in the soil profile in different soybean regions in Brazil, were studied. Periodic samplings of bugs population were taken from December/98 to May/2000. In Sapezal, Mato Grosso state (12º59' W, 58º45'S), the highest adult population occurred from November to January, with peak on December, during the rainy season. The number of adults was higher than the number of nymphs from December to April; last instar nymphs were more abundant from June to October. Adults and all nymph stages were found until 1.2 m depth. However, during all year, 77% of the population was found above 60 cm. From May to October, more than 60% of the population was concentrated below 30 cm in the soil profile. In Cândido Mota, São Paulo state (22º44'W, 50º23'S) from July to September, bugs were observed only until 70 cm depth, and, in average, 60% of the population was concentrated from 30 cm to 60 cm depth. In this region, adults were more abundant than nymphs only during May.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Insecta, lagarta-da-soja, planta hospedeira, legume, soja, Glycine max ABSTRACT -In Brazil, the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner is multivoltine. Several overlapping generations occur with larvae feeding on alternate host plants in areas of warmer temperatures. In this study, the survivorship and development of A. gemmatalis larvae were evaluated on 17 species of cultivated and non-cultivated legumes in laboratory conditions. Larval survivorship on summer legumes varied from 91% on soybean to 5% on showy crotalaria and on velvetbean. On winter legumes, survivorship of A. gemmatalis larvae varied from 90% on white lupin to 25% on common vetch. All larvae fed on yellow lupin died during early development. On non-cultivated summer legumes, 70% of the larvae on Indigofera suffruticosa Millsp., and 55% on I. truxillensis H.B.K. and I. endecaphylla Jacq. reached the pupal stage. Based on survivorship, larval development and pupal weight, the most suitable legumes for A. gemmatalis were soybean, pigeon pea, and white lupin.

Phenol 1 and p-cresol 2 were identified as sex pheromone components released by females Phyllophaga cuyabana. The compounds are produced in a ratio of 1:1, as detected by the analysis of pheromone gland extract. In field experiments, the capture of males in traps baited with the synthetic blend were significantly higher than in control traps.