Aquaculture development is limited by bacteria associated with several diseases; antibiotics are used for the treatment of these affections, but bacteria have developed resistance to these drugs. It is important to develop effective treatments that allow the production of antibiotic-free food. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effects of Salix babylonica hydro-alcoholic extract (SbHE) against Aeromonas hydrophila, Listonella anguillarum, Edwarsiella tarda, and Streptococcus iniae, bacteria that affect Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oreochromis spp. production. SbHE was obtained through the maceration technique. Reference strains were used and their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of SbHE were determined. Results showed that three of four evaluated bacteria were multidrug resistant, except S. iniae. SbHE showed antibacterial activity against all bacteria. Results indicate an MIC of 1.56 to 25 mg/mL and an MBC of 3.12 to 100 mg/mL. The greatest inhibitory activity occurred against L. anguillarum obtaining a MIC of 1.56 mg/mL and an MBC of 3.12 mg/mL. Results indicate that SbHE has bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila, L.anguilalurm, and S. iniae as well as bacteriostatic activity against E. tarda and could be an alternative treatment against these bacteria.
Simple Summary: Rattlesnakes (Crotalus ravus and Crotalus triseriatus) have some compounds that resemble polypeptides and proteins in their venoms which can be used in therapeutic treatment as antibacterial compounds. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of two rattlesnake venoms. The results of the present study indicate that the evaluated venoms have bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important bacterium that affects animals and humans, thereby providing a new and efficient treatment alternative against this pathogenic bacterium.Abstract: Rattlesnakes have venoms with a complex toxin mixture comprised of polypeptides and proteins. Previous studies have shown that some of these polypeptides are of high value for the development of new medical treatments. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, in vitro, the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms. A direct field search was conducted to obtain Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venom samples. These were evaluated to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the techniques of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Hemolytic activity was also determined. Antibacterial activity was determined for treatments (Crotalus triseriatus 2) CT2 and (Crotalus ravus 3) CR3, obtaining a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 50 µg/mL and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 100 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CT1 (Crotalus triseriatus 1), CT2, and CR3 presented hemolytic activity; on the other hand, Crotalus ravus 4 (CR4) did not show hemolytic activity. The results of the present study indicate for the first time that Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms contain some bioactive compounds with bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be used as alternative treatment in diseases caused by this pathogenic bacterium.
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la situación actual de las granjas acuíc olas en el municipio de Alvarado, Veracruz , México . Durante este estudio se realizaron 29 entrevistas dirigidas a las unidades o productores acuícolas. Se anal izaron 24 variables incluidas dentro de los aspectos socioeconómicos, técnicos, comercialización y el marco legal . Los resultados más relevantes dentro del marco legal: 21% cuenta con “ Registro Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura” ( RNP y A ) y el 7% con “R egistro F ederal de Contribuyentes ” (RFC) ; e n los aspectos Socioeconómicos: se gen eran 187 empleos. En lo s aspectos técnicos: la superficie promedio para el cultivo es de 410.11 ha . , el 79% produce Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp. ) . La acuacultura en el municipio de Alvarado, Veracruz está en un proceso de aprendizaje, por lo tanto es necesario realizar estrategias , para que el desarrollo de actividad vaya incrementando su producción; mejorando sus métodos de cultivo y capacitando a los productores, sobre el manejo de las unidades acuícolas.
Review Avances en el cultivo deRESUMEN. Las poblaciones de caballito de mar (género Hippocampus) han sido impactadas de diferentes formas por el ser humano. Por esta razón, se han implementado medidas para mitigar el decremento de las poblaciones, como su inclusión en la lista de CITES, lo cual regula en parte su comercialización. Sin embargo, se deben adoptar otras medidas para asegurar la conservación de estas especies. La acuicultura se presenta como una oportunidad que puede traer beneficios en diferentes formas: reemplazando la captura del medio natural, repoblando cuerpos de agua cuyas poblaciones se encuentren impactadas y como actividad económica redituable. Desde inicios del presente siglo, se ha generado información relevante en torno a las condiciones de cultivo de diferentes especies de caballito de mar, desde los parámetros físicos y químicos del agua y otras condiciones físicas como tipos y tamaños de los tanques, hasta cuestiones relacionadas con la nutrición, la supervivencia, el crecimiento, la maduración y el proceso reproductivo. En este trabajo se recopila esta información, con énfasis en las investigaciones relacionadas con las especies americanas. Palabras clave: Hippocampus, caballito de mar, ornamentales marinos, acuicultura. However, other measures must be taken to ensure the conservation of these species. Aquaculture is presented as an opportunity that can bring benefits in different ways: replacing capture from natural environments, repopulating water bodies whose populations are impacted and as a profitable economic activity. From the beginning of this century, relevant information has been generated about the culture conditions of different species of seahorses, from the physical and chemical parameters of water and other physical conditions such as types and sizes of tanks, to issues related to nutrition, survival, growth, maturation and reproductive processes. This paper presents a collection of such information, with some emphasis on works related to species in the Americas. Culture conditions for
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