Résumé. L'objectif de notre article est d'analyser la transition du discours rituel au discours individuel dans des correspondances peu lettrées de la Grande Guerre. L'étude s'appuie sur un corpus exploratoire de 1273 lettres de la Grande Guerre, issues de six départements : l'Ain, l'Alsace, l'Ardèche, la Franche-Comté, l'Hérault et la Marne. Le genre épistolaire présente de fortes traditions discursives qui orientent le scripteur dans l'acte communicatif. Dans ce cadre, la correspondance intime des « peu lettrés » dévoile le recours des scripteurs à des formules figées au point que l'on puisse y voir un « rituel » épistolaire (Branca-Rosoff, 1990). Mais jusqu'où va la ritualisation de l'écriture dans ces textes ? Dans la perspective de leur transcription, jusqu'où peut-on encadrer par les balises conventionnelles de la Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) les différentes séquences de la lettre ? La première partie de l'article est consacrée à la précision de la notion de formule d'ouverture, à l'évaluation de ce qu'elle représente quantitativement dans notre corpus et à la description de ses configurations. Dans la seconde partie, nous focalisons l'étude sur la question des frontières : quelle appréhension les scripteurs peu lettrés ont-ils des unités discursives qui constituent le texte de leur lettre ? Comment s'opère la transition entre l'ouverture et le corps de la lettre ? Nous nous appuyons sur deux approches : l'une fondée sur les relations syntaxiques, l'autre sur la structure informationnelle.Abstract. The objective of this article is to analyse the transition of the ritual discourse to the individual discourse in correspondence of less experienced writers during World War I. The study is based on a corpus of 1273 letters, originating from 6 departments: Ain, Alsace, Ardèche, Franche-Comté, Hérault and Marne. The epistolary genre presents strong discursive traditions which orientate the reader in the communicative act. In this context, the intimate correspondence of less experienced writers reveals the writers' recourse to fixed formulae such that they can be considered as an epistolary "ritual" (BrancaRosoff, 1990). But how far does the ritualization of writing in these texts extend? From the perspective of their transcription, to what extent can we construct a framework for the different sequences of a letter using the conventional tags of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI)? The first part of the article suggests a broader definition of the notion of opening formulae, evaluates its quantitative representation in our corpus and describes its configurations. In the second part, we focus on the question of boundaries: how aware are inexperienced writers of discursive units that constitute the text of their letters? How do they manage the transition between the opening and the body of the letter? We rely on two approaches: one based on syntactic relations, the other based on information structure.,
La correspondance privée des gens ordinaires : l'expression écrite entre langue de l'immédiat communicatif et traditions discursives Private correspondance of ordinary people: written expression between the language of immediacy and discursive traditions
Just recently, documents written by less skilled writers constitute an object of investigation in linguistics of different philologies. This contribution valorizes private letters as testimonies from writers of varying social status, as opposed to the elite, and furthermore describes the process and the context of their production. In this perspective, it is important to distinguish the process of acquisition of the written language and the complex cognitive and social process of writing. Dealing with private correspondence of writers with less experience, we focus on circumstances of the writing production in a familial and individual context. We investigate different influences on these texts: the writers’ specific writing socialization, an interrupted process of written language acquisition, specificities of colloquial everyday language as well as a lack of epistolary and writing experience. In order to realize the different writing tasks and to evoke intimacy, less-skilled writers acquire an inventory of creative tricks by following oral representations, by imitating strategies from the immediate communication and by using different linguistic and discursive routines.
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